MS POWER POINT FILE

2. Survival skills are techniques a person may use in a
dangerous situation (e.g. natural disasters) to save
themselves or others (see also bushcraft). Generally
speaking, these techniques are meant to provide the basic
necessities for human life:
water , food, shelter, habitat, and the need to think
straight, to signal for help, to navigate safely, to avoid
unpleasant interactions with animals and plants and for
first aid. Survival skills are often basic ideas and abilities
that ancient humans had to use for thousands of years, so
these skills are partially a reenactment of history.

3. Many of these skills are the ways to enjoy
extended periods of time in remote places, or a
way to thrive in nature. Even
hiking, backpacking, horseback
riding, fishing, hunting, or some other
activity, you need to make sure you have the
basic wilderness survival skills to handle an
emergency situation. Some people use
these skills to better appreciate nature and
for recreation, not just survival.

4. Before building a structure you must first consider your
situation. Your shelter should be able to protect you from
excessive heat/cold, wind, rain, sun, snow, and any weather
that is around you. Shelter is mainly for protection and
comfort. It can protect against the weather, animals, or insects.
It should be relatively comfortable because you must be able
to sleep, a basic human need. A shelter can range from a
"natural shelter"; such as a cave or a fallen-down (cracked but
not split) thickly-foliaged tree, to an intermediate form
of man-made shelter such as a debris shelter, a ditch dug next
to a tree log and covered with foliage, or a snow cave, to
completely man-made structures such as a tarp, tent, or house.

5. A human being can survive an average of three to five days without the intake of
water, assuming sea-level altitude, room temperature and favorable relative
humidity. In colder or warmer temperatures, the need for water is greater. The
need for water also increases with exercise. A typical person will lose minimally
two to maximally four liters of water per day under ordinary conditions, and more
in hot, dry, or cold weather. Four to six liters of water or other liquids are
generally required each day in the wilderness to avoid dehydration and to keep the
body functioning properly. The U.S. Army survival manual recommends that you
drink water whenever thirsty. Other groups recommend rationing water through
"water discipline". A lack of water causes dehydration, which may result
in lethargy, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and eventually death. Even mild
dehydration reduces endurance and impairs concentration, which is dangerous in
a survival situation where clear thinking is essential. Dark yellow or brown urine is
a diagnostic indicator of dehydration. To avoid dehydration, a high priority is
typically assigned to locating a supply of drinking water and making provision to
render that water as safe as possible.

6. Many sources in survival literature, as well as forums and online
references, list ways in which water may be gathered and rendered
safer for consumption in a survival situation, such as
boiling, filtering, chemicals, solar radiation / heating
(SODIS), and distillation (regular or via solar distillation). Such sources
also often list the dangers, such as pollutants, microorganisms, or
pathogens which affect the safety of back country water.
Recent thinking is that boiling or commercial filters are significantly
safer than use of chemicals, with the exception of chlorine dioxide. The
issues presented by the need for water dictate that unnecessary water
loss by perspiration be avoided in survival situations. To thus avoid
these problems, culinary root tubers, fruit, edible mushrooms, edible
nuts, edible beans, edible cereals or edible leaves, edible moss, edible
cacti and algae can be searched and if needed, prepared (mostly by
boiling). With the exception of leaves, these foods are relatively high in
calories, providing some energy to the body. Plants are some of the
easiest food sources to find in the jungle, forest or desert because
they're stationary and can thus be had without exerting much effort .

7. Also, many commentators discuss the knowledge, skills, and equipment
(such as bows, snares and nets) necessary to gather animal food in the
wild through animal trapping, hunting, fishing. Some survival books
promote the "Universal Edibility Test". Allegedly, one can distinguish
edible foods from toxic ones by a series of progressive exposures to skin
and mouth prior to ingestion, with waiting periods and checks for
symptoms. However, many other experts including Ray Mears and
John Kallas reject this method, stating that even a small amount of
some "potential foods" can cause physical discomfort, illness, or death.
An additional step called the scratch test is sometimes included to
evaluate the edibility of a potential food. Focusing on survival until
rescued by presumed searchers, The Boy Scouts of America especially
discourages foraging for wild foods on the grounds that the knowledge
and skills needed are unlikely to be possessed by those finding
themselves in a wilderness survival situation, making the risks
(including use of energy) outweigh the benefits. Given that most people
have enough body fat to carry them through several days, using the
energy to procure water, fire and shelter is a better use of available time
and energy.

8. Making fire is recognized in the sources as to significantly
increase the ability to survive physically and mentally.
Lighting a fire without a lighter or matches, such as by using
natural flint and steel with tinder, is a frequent subject of
both books on survival and in survival courses. There is an
emphasis placed on practicing fire-making skills before
venturing into the wilderness. Producing fire under adverse
conditions has been made much easier by the introduction of
tools such as the solar spark lighter and the fire piston.

9. Fire is presented as a tool meeting many survival
needs. The heat provided by a fire warms the
body, dries wet clothes, disinfects water, and
cooks food. Not to be overlooked is the
psychological boost and the sense of safety and
protection it gives. In the wild, fire can provide a
sensation of home, a focal point, in addition to
being an essential energy source. Fire may deter
wild animals from interfering with the survivor,
however wild animals may be attracted to the
light and heat of a fire. The light and smoke
emitted by a fire can also be used to work at night
and can signal rescue units.

10. First aid (wilderness first aid in particular) can help a
person survive and function with injuries and illnesses that
would otherwise kill or incapacitate him/her. Common and
dangerous injuries include:
•Wounds, which may become infected
•Bites or stings from venomous animals, such as snakes,
scorpions, spiders, bees, stingrays, jellyfish, catfish,
stargazers, etc.
•Bites leading to disease/septicemia, such as mosquitoes,
fleas, ticks, animals infected with rabies, sand flies,
komodo dragons, crocodilians, etc.
•InfectioN through food, animal contact, or drinking non-
potable water

11. •Bone fractures
•Sprains, particularly of the ankle
•Burns
•Poisoning from consumption of, or contact
with, poisonous plants or poisonous fungi
•Hypothermia (too cold) and hyperthermia (too
hot)
•Heart attack
•Hemorrhage
The survivor may need to apply the contents of a
first aid kit or, if possessing the required
knowledge, naturally occurring medicinal plants,
immobilize injured limbs, or even transport
incapacitated comrades.

12. Natural disasters such as flash floods, fires,
and storms to name a few, are frequently
mentioned in survival training. Man made
disasters like terror attacks these days are
taking place also in trainings. These
trainings are really important because of
their role in leading people to safety but also
involve risks. With these tips you can be
assured to lessen risks or eventually make
your survival skills during disasters more
efficient.

13. Mitigation is all you need to be prepared. The
term means knowing and avoiding risks especially
when disaster strikes. It also includes assessments
of possible risks. Next is preparedness that helps
you to focus on the aim of safety by using possible
equipments to use during disasters. By
remembering these factors will help you to avoid
panic and start initiatives.

14. Tropical areas are prone to natural disasters for
example: heavy storms, floods, earthquakes, and even
landslides. When you’re in these type of occurrence,
make sure that you’re in a secure place with strong
foundations for you to be secure or you can even find
one is possible but always take caution. Make your
move as quickly as possible in reacting but don’t panic.
Take ease with the process and figure possible ways of
communication for respondents to assure safety.

15. Wildfires and blizzards are in some areas are occurring. Be in
a safe shelter or make your way as safe as you can by instinct
or perhaps by keen observation of the occurrence. Get as much
source of communication attention to respondents either way
possible. In wildfires, finding place with water will be a big
help for relief when waiting for respondents to arrive.
Making your way with to safety when disaster strikes can be
hard but it will secure your safety and survival skills during
disasters can help you do it. Focusing on your safety and peace
of mind to secure out of the disaster a better tomorrow sure
waiting for those observe.

16. The way to survive in the urban environment is to create
emergency disaster plans, to have enough food in storage, and
to be prepared with the supplies that you might need in case of
any weather-related, health-related, or government-issued
situations that may occur. Remember though, that just like in
the wilderness, surviving in an urban setting depends more on
your skills and knowledge than on the equipment and fancy
tools you own.

17. The most basic thing to develop when trying to
survive is your will to survive. Your chance of
surviving a disaster or an emergency depends
largely on your desire or intent to survive
whatever befalls you. Hold meetings with your
family to discuss what you are going to do in
emergency situations in order to prepare each and
every member of your family. Teamwork is often
most crucial in times like this.

18. Store non-perishable foods and water for your
family. The ability to find drinkable water is
one of the most important survival skills you
can learn. Lack of water can ultimately lead to
dehydration and death. Also, thirst can keep
you from thinking clearly and making the right
decisions. When clean drinkable water is no
longer available, you should also be equipped
with the knowledge on how to purify drinkable
water. Remember, any source of water that is
contaminated may do more harm than good.

19. Last but not the least of urban
survival skills is knowing how to
protect and defend yourself.
Sadly, emergency situations may
show the worst of mankind mainly
because it is a “save yourself”
scenario. Therefore, learning basic
self defense is important.

20. There are different types of disasters or
calamities that people all over the world can
encounter, these could be a hurricane, flash
flood, or even fire in your home. Surviving
skills during disasters is very vital in coping
with such situations. Included in this article are
tips that you can consider in order to be
prepared for any unavoidable circumstance
and help you in facing these occurrences if it
does happen.

21. Tip number one:- Calamity is any
event that swamps the society or
persons capacity to cope and act in
response. Being smart to meet your
fundamental needs for at least a week
is a rational course of action. During
an urgent situation, all levels of
authority may be beset with managing
the crisis.

22. Tip number two:- In order to survive during this type
of calamities, people must have air to breathe,
drinking water, a humid and sheltered place to hang
about, getting in touch with others is really
important to be alive. Having enough stock of water
and face masks per person for a week is much
greater. In addition, canned goods and other ready
to eat foods will really help you to survive during in
this type of calamities. Keep your phone charged to
keep in touch with people around you and to have a
source of communication, this is really an effective
survival skills during disaster.

23. Tip number three. Getting in touch after the calamity with
your relatives is very important, staying connected with each
and everyone in the family is really vital. Phone a family
member to let them know that your safe and sound, make sure
your landlines are still in good condition, cell sites are surely
dumped after what happen, set a place where you and other
family members can meet. Don’t forget to have a battery
powered radio in your survival kit, to make sure you will have
the access on the news; for sure television satellites and
internet servers are shut down. These survival skills during
disaster will certainly help you during these times of
unexpected calamities.

24. The occurrence of numerous natural disasters
nowadays has caused a lot of concerned individuals all
over the world. Though these disasters cannot be
prevented there is still something you can do to be
prepared when it strikes. Below are some disaster
survival tips that will help you and your family face
any disaster emergency situations. Your lives may
greatly depend on these tips so be sure to keep them in
mind.

25. First is to get yourself an emergency radio.
Through this radio you can listen for further
instructions during an emergency so make sure
you know how to use it. You will also be able to
know specific evacuation areas for shelter.
Provide yourself and your family your own
emergency food, water storage, and survival
supplies. This might not be an essential for
disaster survival tips but you may consider self
defense products to protect your family.

26. There is a tendency that looting and unruliness
will be caused by major disasters and emergencies.
Another valuable thing to learn in times of
disasters would be basic first aid and CPR. You
will be capable to take care of the people around
you and yourself if you know a thing or two
about it. When the situation calls for an
evacuation it would be smart to get out early.
You should also have a backup travel plan like
various routes to form your home.

27. Should you have friends or perhaps families from
distant cities, plan ahead to stay with
them. A meeting place should also be planned in
advance with each family member. Having a grab-
and-go bag for each member of the family is also
very important. This is to prevent panic packing
during an emergency and leave any valuable stuff
behind. These bags should include emergency
supplies that would last at least for three days.

28. You should also keep some cash available because
power outages will render ATM machines
unusable. Remember that in any natural disaster,
your greatest enemy would panic and
unpreparedness. Follow these disaster survival
tips and you will be able to take care of your
family and survive any calamities and
emergencies. Being prepared is your greatest
defense for these situations so you better be.

29. A human being can survive an average of three to five days without the intake of
water, assuming sea-level altitude, room temperature and favorable relative
humidity. In colder or warmer temperatures, the need for water is greater. The need
for water also increases with exercise.A typical person will lose minimally two to
maximally four liters of water per day under ordinary conditions, and more in
hot, dry, or cold weather. Four to six liters of water or other liquids are generally
required each day in the wilderness to avoid dehydration and to keep the body
functioning properly. The U.S. Army survival manual recommends that you drink
water whenever thirsty.Other groups recommend rationing water through "water
discipline".A lack of water causes dehydration, which may result
in lethargy, headaches, dizziness, confusion, and eventually death. Even mild
dehydration reduces endurance and impairs concentration, which is dangerous in a
survival situation where clear thinking is essential. Dark yellow or brown urine is a
diagnostic indicator of dehydration. To avoid dehydration, a high priority is
typically assigned to locating a supply of drinking water and making provision to
render that water as safe as possible.

30. Many sources in survival literature, as well as forums and online references, list
ways in which water may be gathered and rendered safer for consumption in a
survival situation, such as boiling, filtering, chemicals, solar radiation / heating
(SODIS), and distillation (regular or via solar distillation). Such sources also often
list the dangers, such as pollutants, microorganisms, or pathogens which affect the
safety of back country water.Recent thinking is that boiling or commercial filters
are significantly safer than use of chemicals, with the exception of chlorine dioxide.[
The issues presented by the need for water dictate that unnecessary water loss
by perspiration be avoided in survival situations.To thus avoid these
problems, culinary root tubers, fruit, edible mushrooms, edible nuts, edible beans,
edible cereals or edible leaves, edible moss, edible cacti and algae can be searched and
if needed, prepared (mostly by boiling). With the exception of leaves, these foods are
relatively high in calories, providing some energy to the body. Plants are some of the
easiest food sources to find in the jungle, forest or desert because they're stationary
and can thus be had without exerting much effort.