Basics of Tences

2. Contents
 Present Tense
 Simple Present Tense
 Present Continuous Tense
 Present Perfect Tense
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
 Past Tense
 Simple Past Tense
 Past Perfect Tense
 Past Continuous Tense
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
 Future Tense
 Simple Future Tense
 Future Perfect Tense
 Future Continuous Tense
 Future Perfect Continuous Tense

3. Present Tense

4. Simple Present Tense
 When something happens regularly
or is a permanent situation we
usually use the simple present tense.
 When using the simple present the verb
(with the exception of the auxiliary
verbs) remains in the dictionary form
 (verb + s with he/she/it).

5. Simple Present Tense
 Examples:
 The Queen of England lives in Buckingham
Palace.
 The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
 They travel to their country house every weekend.

6. Present Continuous Tense
 Continuous tenses are also
called progressive tenses. So the
present progressive tense is the same
as the present continuous tense.
 subject+ auxiliary verb+ main
verb be base + ing
 [am/is/are + present participle]

7. Present Continuous Tense
 Examples:
 She is loving this chocolate ice cream.
 Are you still watching TV?
 I am studying to become a engineer.
 She loves this chocolate ice cream.
Incorrect
Correct

8. Present Perfect Tense
 The English Present Perfect tense is
used to express actions which have
already been completed, or perfected,
at the time of speaking or writing.
 Form:
[ has/have + past participle ]

9. Present Perfect Tense
 Examples:
In the first example, the use of the Present Perfect
tense emphasizes the fact that, at the time of
speaking or writing, the work has already been
completed.
In the second example, the use of the
Present Perfect indicates that, at the time of speaking
or writing, half the questions have been
answered.
 I have done the work.
 She has answered half the questions.

10. Present Perfect Continuous
Tense
 Present perfect continuous tense is
used for an action which began at
some time in past and is still
continuing.
 Syntax:
Has/have + been + Present participle

11. Present Perfect Continuous
Tense
 Examples:
 Sam has been having his car for 2 years.
 He has been sleeping for 5 hrs.
 James have been teaching at university since last
year.
 Sam has had his car for 2 years.
Incorrect
correct

12. Past Tense

13. Simple Past Tense
 This tense is usually used for
those actions which are already
over.
 It's syntax is given as:
(subject + V2 + object)
where V2 - second form of the verb

14. Simple Past Tense
 Examples:
 I went to all the art exhibitions I could.
 She lived in Tokyo for seven years.
 They were in London from Monday to Thursday of
last week.

15. Past Perfect Tense
 It is used to express an action which
has occurred in past (usually, a long
time ago) and action which has
occurred in past before another action
in past.
 Syntax:
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
(past participle) + object

16. Past Perfect Tense
 Examples:
 It have not rained heavily last month.
 They had visited a doctor.
 I had not finished my work last year.
 It had not rained heavily last month
Incorrect
correct

17. Past Perfect Continuous
Tense
 It is used to express a continued or
ongoing action in past, an ongoing
action which occurred in past and
completed at some point in past.
 Syntax:
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb
(present participle) + object

18. Past Perfect Continuous
Tense
subject auxiliary
verb
auxiliary
verb
main verb
+ I had been working.
+ You had been playing tennis.
- It had not been working well.
- We had not been expecting her.
? Had you been drinking?
? Had they been waiting long?
 For negative sentences in the past perfect
continuous tense, we insert not after the first
auxiliary verb. For question sentences, we
exchange the subject and first auxiliary verb:

19. Past Perfect Continuous
Tense
 Examples:
 We had'nt exposed to programming before joining
the IT Dept.
 Yadnya had been waiting for two hours when his
friend arrived.
 Students had been asking for an off lecture before
sir scolded them.
 We had'nt been exposed to programming before
joining the IT Dept.
Incorrect
correct

20. Past Continuous Tense
 In the Past Continuous tense, the
action was ongoing till a certain time
in the past. This tense is used to talk
about an action at a particular time in
the past.
 Syntax:
Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb
(Present participle) + Object + Time reference

21. Past Continuous Tense
SUBJECT WAS / WERE VERB + ing REST OF THE
SENTENCE
I was sleeping at 11 p.m. last night.
You were sleeping at 11 p.m. last night.
He was sleeping at 11 p.m. last night.
For positive sentences:

22. Past Continuous Tense
 Examples:
 I burned my finger while I was cooking breakfast.
 I was practicing the guitar when he came home.

23. Future Tense

24. Simple Future Tense
 It is used to express an action which
has not occurred yet and will occur
after saying or in future.
 Syntax:
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
(present participle) + object

25. Simple Future Tense
 Examples:
 When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for
dinner.
 He will start a business.
 I will not give you a pen tomorrow.
 When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner.
Incorrect
correct

26. Future Continuous Tense
 It is used to express a continued or an
ongoing action in future.
 Syntax:
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
(present participle) + object

27. Future Continuous Tense
 Examples:
 Jane will be being at my house when you arrive
 While I am finishing my homework, she is going
to make dinner.
 You are going to be waiting for her when her
plane arrives tonight.
 Jane will be at my house when you arrive.
Incorrect
correct

28. Future Perfect Tense
 It is used to express an action which
will occur in future and is thought to
be completed in future.
 Syntax:
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
(past participle) + object

29. Future Continuous Tense
 Examples:
 I am going to see a movie when I will have
finished my homework.
 They will have completed the Presentation
before the deadline.
 You are going to have perfected your English by
the time you come back from the U.S..
 I am going to see a movie when I have
finished my homework.
Incorrect
correct

30. Future Perfect Continuous
Tense
 It is used to express a continued or
ongoing action that will start in future
and is thought to be continued till
sometime in future.
 Syntax:
Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb
(Present participle) + Object + Time
reference

31. Future Perfect Continuous
Tense
 Examples:
 Vidya will have been having his driver's license
for over two years.
 The famous artist will have been painting the
mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
 You will have been waiting for more than two
hours when her plane finally arrives.
 Vidya will have had his driver's license for over
two years.
Incorrect
correct