A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system

A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system, often known by names such as quot;
metroquot;
, quot;
undergroundquot;
and quot;
subwayquot;
. Some metro systems, such as those of Montreal, Stockholm, Prague and Moscow, are famous for the beautiful architecture and public art. The Paris Métro is famous for its art nouveau station entrances; while the Athens Metro is known for its display of archeological relics , Sir Norman Foster's new system in Bilbao, Spain uses the same modern architecture at every station to make navigation easier for the passenger, though some may argue that this is at the expense of character. In some stations, especially where trains are fully automated, the entire platform is screened from the track by a wall, typically of glass, with automatic platform-edge doors (PEDs). These open, like elevator doors, only when a train is stopped, and thus eliminate the hazard that a passenger will accidentally fall (or deliberately jump) onto the tracks and be run over or electrocuted. The largest metro station in the world is the Paris Métro-RER station Châtelet-Les Halles in France[1]. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HYPERLINK quot;
http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Special:LandingCheck?landing_page=WMFJA026&language=en&country=IN&utm_source=20101219_JA027B_EN&utm_medium=sitenotice&utm_campaign=20101219JA045quot;
 LocaleNational Capital Region, IndiaTransit typeRapid transitNumber of lines6Number of stations132[1][2]Daily ridership1.5 million[3][4]Chief executiveE. SreedharanHeadquartersMetro Bhawan, Barakhamba Road, New DelhiWebsitewww.delhimetrorail.comOperation Began operationDecember 24, 2002[5]Operator(s)Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (DMRC)Number of vehicles188 trains[6]Train length4/6 coaches[7][6]TechnicalSystem length156 kilometers (97 mi)[1][2] Track gauge1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gaugeElectrification25 kV, 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary The Delhi Metro (Hindi: दिल्ली मेट्रो Dillī Meṭro) is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida in the National Capital Region of India. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 156 kilometres (97 mi) with 132 stations of which 31 are underground. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade and underground lines and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC). As of November 2010, DMRC operates around 2,700 trips daily between 6:00 and 23:00 running with an interval of 2.5 minutes between trains at peak frequency.[8][4] The trains have four coaches, but there are plans to shift to six coach trains to increase capacity.[7][8][9][6] The power output is supplied by 25-kilovolt, 50 Hertz alternating current through overhead catenary. The metro has an average daily ridership of 1.5 million commuters,HYPERLINK quot;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Metroquot;
quot;
cite_note-ridership2-2quot;
[3] and, as of August 2010, had carried over 1.25 billion commuters since its inception.[10] Planning for the metro started in 1984, when the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system for the city. The Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) in 1995. Construction started in 1998, and the first section, on the Red Line, opened in 2002, followed by the Yellow Line in 2004, the Blue Line in 2005, its branch line in 2009, the Green and Violet Lines in 2010. Subsequently, these lines have been extended and new lines are under construction in Phase II of the project, including the Delhi Airport Metro Express whose opening has been postponed until December 2010 due to safety concerns.[11] [edit] History [edit] Background The concept of a mass rapid transit for Delhi first emerged from a traffic and travel characteristics study carried out in the city in 1969.[12] Over the next several years, many official committees by a variety of government departments were commissioned to examine issues related to technology, route alignment and governmental jurisdiction.[13] In 1984, the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system, which would consist of constructing three underground mass rapid transit corridors as well augmenting the city's existing suburban railway and road transport networks.[14] While extensive technical studies and search for financing the project were in progress, the city expanded significantly resulting in a twofold rise in population and a fivefold rise in the number of vehicles between 1981 and 1998.[14] Consequently, traffic congestion and pollution soared, as an increasing number of commuters took to private vehicles with the existing bus system unable to bear the load.[12] An attempt at privatising the bus transport system in 1992 merely compounded the problem, with inexperienced operators plying poorly maintained, noisy and polluting buses on lengthy routes, resulting in long waiting times, unreliable service, extreme overcrowding, unqualified drivers, speeding and reckless driving.[15] To rectify the situation, the Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on March 5, 1995 with E. Sreedharan as the managing director.[16] [edit] Construction Physical construction work on the Delhi Metro started on October 1, 1998.[17] After the previous problems experienced by the Calcutta Metro, which was badly delayed and 12 times over budget due to quot;
political meddling, technical problems and bureaucratic delaysquot;
, the DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control funds.[18] As a result, construction proceeded smoothly, except from one major disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to use broad gauge despite the DMRC's preference for standard gauge.[19] The first line of the Delhi Metro was inaugurated by Atal Behari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India on December 24, 2002[5] and thus it became the second underground rapid transit system in India, after the Kolkata Metro. The first phase of the project was completed in 2006[20] on budget and almost three years ahead of schedule, an achievement described by BusinessWeek as quot;
nothing short of a miraclequot;
.[21] [edit] Network Main article: List of Delhi metro stations The Delhi Metro is being built in phases. Phase I completed 65.11 km (40.46 mi) of route length, of which 13.01 km (8.08 mi) is underground and 52.10 km (32.37 mi) surface or elevated. The inauguration of the Indraprastha–Barakhamba Road corridor of the Blue Line marked the completion of Phase I on October 27, 2006.[20] Phase II of the network comprises 128 km (80 mi) of route length and 79 stations, and is presently under construction, with the first section opened in June 2008 and a target completion date of 2010.[22] Phases III (112 km) and IV (108.5 km) are planned to be completed by 2015 and 2021 respectively, with the network spanning 413 km (257 mi) by then.[23] [edit] Current routes As of October 3, 2010, the whole of Phase-I and parts of Phase-II are complete, with the network comprising five lines with 130 metro stations and a total length of 156 km (97 mi).[1][2][24] LieFirst operationalLast ExtensionStations[24]Length(km)[24]TerminalsRolling stockNetwork Map Red LineDecember 24, 2002June 4, 20082125.1Dilshad GardenRithala23 trains[25] Yellow LineDecember 20, 2004September 3, 20103445JahangirpuriHUDA City Centre45 trains[4] Blue LineDecember 31, 2005October 30, 20104450Noida City CentreDwarka Sector 2159 trains[8]January 8, 2010—66.25Yamuna BankAnand Vihar Green LineApril 3, 2010—1415.1InderlokMundka13 trains[26] Violet LineOctober 3, 2010—1315Central SecretariatSarita Vihar29 trains[27] [edit] Red Line Main article: Red Line (Delhi Metro) The Red Line was the first line of the Metro to be opened and connects Rithala in the west to Dilshad Garden in the east, covering a distance of 25.09 kilometres (15.59 mi).[25] It is partly elevated and partly at grade, and crosses the Yamuna River between Kashmere Gate and Shastri Park stations.[28] The inauguration of the first stretch between Shahdara and Tis Hazari on December 24, 2002, caused the ticketing system to collapse due to the line being crowded to four times its capacity by citizens eager to have a ride.[29][30] Subsequent sections were inaugurated from Tis Hazari – Trinagar (later renamed Inderlok) on October 4, 2003,[31] Inderlok – Rithala on March 31, 2004, and Shahdara – Dilshad Garden on June 4, 2008.[32] [edit] Yellow Line Main article: Yellow Line (Delhi Metro) The Yellow Line was the second line of the Metro and was the first underground line to be opened.[33] It runs for 44.36 kilometres (27.56 mi) from north to south and connects Jahangirpuri with HUDA City Centre. The northern and southern parts of the line are elevated, while the central section through some of the most congested parts of Delhi is underground. The first section between Vishwa Vidyalaya and Kashmere Gate opened on December 20, 2004, and the subsequent sections of Kashmere Gate – Central Secretariat opened on July 3, 2005, and Vishwa Vidyalaya – Jahangirpuri on February 4, 2009.[32] This line also possesses the country's deepest Metro station at Chawri Bazaar, situated 30 metres (98 ft) below ground level.[34][35] On 21 June 2010, an additional stretch from Qutub Minar to HUDA City Centre in Gurgaon was opened, initially operating separately from the main line. However, Chhatarpur station on this line opened on August 26, 2010. Due to delay in acquiring the land for constructing the station, it was constructed using pre-fabricated structures in a record time of nine months and is the only station in the Delhi metro network to be made completely of steel.[36][37] The connecting link between Central Secretariat and Qutub Minar opened on September 3, 2010.[38] Interchanges are available with the Red Line at Kashmere Gate station, and with the Indian Railways network at Delhi and New Delhi railway stations.[39][40] [edit] Blue Line Main article: Blue Line (Delhi Metro) The Blue Line was the third line of the Metro to be opened, and the first to connect areas outside Delhi.[41] Partly overhead and partly underground,HYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-BlueTOI-41quot;
[42] it connects Dwarka Sub City in the west with the satellite city of Noida in the east, covering a distance of 47.4 kilometres (29.5 mi).[41] The first section of this line between Dwarka and Barakhamba Road was inaugurated on December 31, 2005, and subsequent sections opened between Dwarka – Dwarka Sector 9 on April 1, 2006, Barakhamba Road – Indraprastha on November 11, 2006, Indraprastha – Yamuna Bank on May 10, 2009, Yamuna Bank – Noida City Centre on November 12, 2009, and Dwarka Sector 9 - Dwarka Sector 21 on October 30, 2010.[32] This line crosses the Yamuna River between Indraprastha and Yamuna Bank stations,[28] and has India's first extradosed bridge across the Northern Railways mainlines near Pragati Maidan.[43] A branch of the Blue line, inaugurated on January 8, 2010, takes off from Yamuna Bank station and runs for 6.25 kilometres (3.88 mi) up to Anand Vihar in east Delhi.[44] A small stretch of 2.76 kilometres (1.71 mi) from Dwarka Sector 9 to Dwarka Sector 21 was inaugurated on October 30, 2010.[1][2] Interchanges are available with the Yellow Line at Rajiv Chowk station,[42] and with the Indian Railways network at the Anand Vihar Railway Terminal.[45] [edit] Green Line Main article: Green Line (Delhi Metro) Opened in 2010, the Green Line was the first standard-gauge corridor of the Delhi Metro.[26] The fully elevated line connects Mundka with Inderlok, running for 15.1 kilometres (9.4 mi) mostly along Rohtak Road.[46] An interchange with the Red line is available at Inderlok station via an integrated concourse.[47] This line also has the country's first standard-gauge maintenance depot at Mundka.[48] [edit] Violet Line Main article: Violet Line (Delhi Metro) The Violet Line is the most recent line of the Metro to be opened, and the second standard-gauge corridor after the Green Line. The 15 km (9.3 mi) long line connects Sarita Vihar to Central Secretariat, with 9 km (5.6 mi) being overhead and the rest underground.[27] It was inaugurated on October 3, 2010, just hours before the inaugural ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and connects the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium which is the venue for the opening and closing ceremonies of the event.[49] Completed in just 41 months, it includes a 100 m (330 ft) long bridge over the Indian Railways mainlines and a 167.5 m (550 ft) long cable-stayed bridge across an operational road flyover, and connects several hospitals, tourist attractions and a major industrial estate along its route.[27] Services are provided at intervals of 2 min 40 sec, the shortest on the network.[49] An interchange with the Yellow Line is available at Central Secretariat through an integrated concourse.[27] [edit] Routes under construction Phase II consists of 127 km (79 mi) of railway lines, of which the following sections are under construction.[23] Construction work in progress for the Phase II extension to Gurgaon. Planned Opening DateRouteTerminalsLengthStationsDecember 2010[50]■ Airport ExpressNew Delhi – IGI Airport – Dwarka Sector 2122.7 km (14.1 mi)5December 2010■ Violet LineSarita Vihar – Badarpur5.16 km (3.21 mi)3March 2011■ Green LineKirti Nagar – Ashok Park Main3.32 km (2.06 mi)2June 2011[51]■ Blue LineAnand Vihar – Vaishali2.5 km (1.6 mi)2 [edit] Airport Express Main article: Delhi Airport Metro Express The Airport Express line runs for 22.7 km (14.1 mi) from New Delhi Railway Station to Dwarka Sector 21, linking the Indira Gandhi International Airport. The line will be operated, by the Delhi Airport Metro Express Pvt. Limited (DAMEL), a subsidiary of Reliance Infrastructure, the concessionaire of the line.[52] Constructed at a cost of 2,885 crore (US$ 637.59 million),[53] the line will have six stations with check-in facilities, parking and eateries.[54] Originally scheduled to open before the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the line failed to obtain the mandatory safety clearance, and was rescheduled to open by the middle of November 2010.[55][11] The line is still to be completed with its final safety inspections and get clearances which is scheduled in December 2010.[56] Rolling stock is expected to consist of six-coach trains operating at intervals of ten minutes and having a maximum speed of 135 km/h (84 mph).[54] [edit] Planned extensions Several extensions to the Delhi Metro network have been planned. [edit] Phase III [edit] Routes within Delhi Phase III, tentatively composed of six routes covering 69.57 kilometres (43.23 mi), has a 2015 deadline. The following routes have received Cabinet clearance and are expected to commence construction by the end of 2010[57]: Central Secretariat to Red Fort (6.8 km) - Violet Line Rajouri Garden to Mukundupur (12.4 km) - New line Jahangirpuri to Badali (3.4 km) - Yellow Line Three lines are still pending approvalHYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-ht-phase3-56quot;
[57]: Anand Vihar to Dhaula Kuan (25.66 km) - New line Malviya Nagar to Kalindi Kunj (11.64 km) - New line Ashok Park to Delhi Gate (9.64 km) - Unconfirmed [edit] Routes beyond Delhi border In addition, a 13.8 km (8.6 mi) long extension of the Violet Line from Badarpur into Faridabad in neighbouring Haryana at a cost of 2,533 crore (US$ 559.79 million) has received budgetary and other clearances, and construction is set to begin in October 2010.[58] [edit] Phase IV Phase IV has a 2020 deadline, and tentatively includes further extensions to Sonia Vihar, Reola Khanpur, Palam, Najafgarh, Ghazipur, Noida Sector 62, Gurgaon and Faridabad, having a total length of 108.5 km (67.4 mi).[23] Apart from these lines in Phases I to IV, plans have been mooted to construct a new line from Noida Sector 62 to Greater Noida which will intersect Indraprastha – Noida Sector 32 line.[59] The Ghaziabad Development Authority is planning to extend Delhi Metro lines deeper into Ghaziabad in three phases, including the extension of the Blue Line from Anand Vihar to Vaishali, and subsequently to Mehrauli via Indirapuram, as well as the extension of the Red Line from Dilshad Garden to the new Ghaziabad bus stand.[51][60] The independently operated Gurgaon Metro, if built, will also interchange with the Delhi Metro.[61] [edit] Finances [edit] Funding The capital cost of Phases I and II has been estimated to be 14,430 crore (US$ 3.19 billion) at 2004 prices.[62] However, more recent estimates have placed the cost of construction at 200 crore (US$ 44.2 million) per kilometre.[63] Thirty percent of the total investment for Phases I and II has been raised through equity capital with the Government of India (GoI) and Government of Delhi contributing equal shares,[62] and approximately another 60 percent has been raised as either long-term or subordinate debt, through soft loans from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation.[64] The rest of the investment is proposed to be recovered from internal revenues through operations and property development.[62] The Metro also received 1,914.3 crore (US$ 423.1 million) as grant-in-aid from various agencies for the financial year ending March 2009.[65] As of August 7, 2010, Delhi Metro has paid back an amount of 567.63 crore (US$ 125.45 million), which includes loan amount for Phase I and interest amounts for Phases I and II, to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[66] [edit] Revenue and profits In 2007, the Delhi Metro claimed to be one of only five metro systems in the world that operated at a profit without government subsidies. This was enabled by keeping maintenance costs to a minimum and harnessing additional revenue from advertisements and property development, apart from ticket sales.[67][68] The Metro also generates revenue by leasing out its trains and stations for film shoots. Due to its increasing association with Delhi as an image of the city's everyday life, it has been a popular filming location for production houses, and several films and advertisements have been shot on board.[69][70] Producers have to pay as much as 1 lakh (US$ 2,210) for every hour of filming, besides a security deposit and insurance.[69] For the financial year ended March 2008, the Metro reported operating revenues of 305.27 crore (US$ 67.5 million) and a profit before tax of 19.98 crore (US$ 4.42 million),[71] which rose to 723.77 crore (US$ 160 million) and 90.43 crore (US$ 20 million) respectively for the financial year ended March 2009.[65] [edit] Operations Inside a Metro Station. Trains operate at a frequency of 3 to 4.5 minutes between 6:00 and 23:00. Trains operating within the network typically travel at speeds below 80 km/h (50 mph), and stop about 20 seconds at each station. Automated station announcements are recorded in Hindi and English. Many stations have services such as ATMs, food outlets, cafés and convenience stores. Eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing of gum are prohibited in the entire system. The Metro also has a sophisticated fire alarm system for advance warning in emergencies, and fire retardant material is used in trains as well as on the premises of stations.[72] Navigation information is available on Google Transit.[73] The first coach of every train is reserved for women only. Delhi Metro is the second contemporary rapid transit system in the world to do so after the Dubai Metro.[74][75][76] [edit] Security Security on the Delhi Metro is handled by the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), who have been guarding the system ever since they took over from the Delhi Police in 2007.[77] Closed-circuit cameras are used to monitor trains and stations, and feed from these is monitored by both the CISF and Delhi Metro authorities at their respective control rooms.[78] Over 3500 CISF personnel have been deployed to deal with law and order issues in the system, in addition to metal detectors, X-ray baggage inspection systems and dog squads which are used to secure the system.[79] Intercoms are provided in each train car for emergency communication between the passengers and the driver.[80] Periodic security drills are carried out at stations and on trains to ensure preparedness of security agencies in emergency situations.[81] [edit] Ticketing For the convenience of customers, Delhi Metro commuters have three choices for ticket purchase. The RFID tokens are valid only for a single journey on the day of purchase and the value depends on the distance travelled, with fares for a single journey ranging from 8 (US$ 0.18) to 30 (US$ 0.66). Fares are calculated based on the origin and destination stations using a fare chart.[82] A common ticketing facility for commuters travelling on Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) buses and the Metro will be introduced in 2011.[83] Travel cards are available for longer durations and are most convenient for frequent commuters. They are valid for one year from the date of purchase or the date of last recharge, and are available in denominations of 50 (US$ 1.11) to 800 (US$ 17.7). A 10% discount is given on all travel made on it.[84] A deposit of 50 (US$ 1.11) needs to be made to buy a new card.[82] Tourist cards can be used for unlimited travel on the Delhi Metro network over short periods of time. There are two kinds of tourist cards valid for one and three days respectively. The cost of a one-day card is 100 (US$ 2.2) and that of a three-day card is 250 (US$ 5.5), besides a refundable deposit of 50 (US$ 1.11) that must be paid at the time of purchasing the card.[82] [edit] Issues A long line of commuters waiting to purchase tickets at the Yamuna Bank station in east Delhi. As the network has expanded, high ridership and technical snags in new trains have led to increasing instances of overcrowding and delays on the Delhi Metro.[85][86] To alleviate the problem, orders for new coaches have been placed and an increase in the frequency of trains has been proposed.[85] Infrequent, overcrowded and erratic feeder bus services connecting stations to nearby localities have also been reported as an area of concern.[87][88] In 2010, severe overcrowding on the Yellow Line, which connects the north and south campuses of Delhi University, was reported to be a reason for students missing or reporting late for classes.[89] [edit] Accidents On October 19, 2008, a girder launcher and a part of the overhead Blue Line extension under construction in Laxmi Nagar, East Delhi collapsed and fell on passing vehicles underneath. Workers were lifting a 400-tonne concrete span of the bridge with the help of a crane when the launcher collapsed along with a 34 metres (112 ft) long span of the bridge on top of a Blueline bus killing the driver and a labourer.[90] On July 12, 2009, a portion of a bridge under construction collapsed when its launching girder lost balance as it was being erected at Zamrudpur, near East of Kailash, on the Central Secretariat – Badarpur corridor. Six people were killed and 15 others injured.[91] The day after, on July 13, 2009, a crane that was removing the debris collapsed, and with a bowling pin effect collapsed two other nearby cranes, injuring six.[92] On July 22, 2009 a steel beam fell on a worker at the under-construction Ashok Park Metro station, killing him.[93] Over a hundred people, including 93 workers, have died since work on the metro began in 1998.[94] [edit] Rolling stock A Phase I broad gauge train, supplied by Hyundai Rotem-BEML.[95] A Phase II broad gauge train, supplied by Bombardier. The Metro uses rolling stock of two different gauges. Phase I lines use 1,676 mm (5.499 ft) broad gauge rolling stock, while three Phase II lines use 1,435 mm standard gauge rolling stock.[96] Trains are maintained at seven depots at Khyber Pass and Sultanpur for the Yellow Line, Mundka for the Green Line, Najafgarh and Yamuna Bank for the Blue Line, Shastri Park for the Red Line and Sarita Vihar for the Violet Line.[97][27][98][99][100] One of the new six coach trains. [edit] Broad gauge The broad gauge rolling stock is manufactured by two major suppliers. For the Phase I, the rolling stock was supplied by a consortium of companies comprising Hyundai Rotem, Mitsubishi Corporation, and MELCO. The coaches were initially built in South Korea by ROTEM,[101] then in Bangalore by BEML through a technology transfer arrangement.[102] These trains consist of four 3.2-metre (10 ft) wide stainless steel lightweight coaches with vestibules permitting movement throughout their length and can carry up to 1500 passengers,HYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-TOIcoaches-102quot;
[103] with 50 seated and 330 standing passengers per coach.[104] The coaches are fully air conditioned, equipped with automatic doors, microprocessor-controlled brakes and secondary air suspension,[105] and are capable of maintaining an average speed of 32 km/h (20 mph) over a distance of 1.1 km (0.68 mi).[104] The system is extensible up to eight coaches, and platforms have been designed accordingly.[103] The rolling stock for Phase II is being supplied by Bombardier Transportation, which has received an order for 498 cars worth US$828 million.[106] While initial trains were made in Germany and Sweden, the remainder will be built at Bombardier's Indian factory in Savli, near Vadodara.[107] These trains are a mix of four-car and six-car consists, capable of accommodating 1178 and 1792 commuters per train respectively. The coaches possess several improved features like Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras with eight-hour backup for added security, charging points in all coaches for cell phones and laptops, improved air conditioning to provide a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius even in packed conditions and heaters for winter.[108] [edit] Standard gauge The standard gauge rolling stock is manufactured by BEML at its factory in Bangalore. The trains are four-car consists with a capacity of 1506 commuters per train,HYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-108quot;
[109] accommodating 50 seated and 292 standing passengers in each coach.[104] These trains will have CCTV cameras in and outside the coaches, power supply connections inside coaches to charge mobiles and laptops, better humidity control, microprocessor-controlled disc brakes,[110] and will be capable of maintaining an average speed of 34 km/h (21 mph) over a distance of 1.1 km (0.68 mi).[104] [edit] Signalling and telecommunication Inside a Metro coach. The Delhi Metro uses cab signalling along with a centralised automatic train control system consisting of automatic train operation, Automatic Train Protection and automatic train signalling modules.[111] A 380 MHz digital trunked TETRA radio communication system from Motorola is used on all 3 lines to carry both voice and data information.[112] For Line 3, Siemens Transportation Systems has supplied the electronic interlocking Sicas, the operation control system Vicos OC 500 and the automation control system LZB 700 M.[113] An integrated system comprising optical fibre cable, on-train radio, CCTV, and a centralised clock and public address system is used for telecommunication during train operations as well as emergencies.[114] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HYPERLINK quot;
http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Special:LandingCheck?landing_page=WMFJA026&language=en&country=IN&utm_source=20101219_JA027B_EN&utm_medium=sitenotice&utm_campaign=20101219JA045quot;
 Please read:An urgent appeal from Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales $2.6M left $13.4M (USD) raised Delhi Metro From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Delhi Metroदिल्ली मेट्रोInfoLocaleNational Capital Region, IndiaTransit typeRapid transitNumber of lines6Number of stations132[1][2]Daily ridership1.5 million[3][4]Chief executiveE. SreedharanHeadquartersMetro Bhawan, Barakhamba Road, New DelhiWebsitewww.delhimetrorail.comOperationBegan operationDecember 24, 2002[5]Operator(s)Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (DMRC)Number of vehicles188 trains[6]Train length4/6 coaches[7][6]TechnicalSystem length156 kilometers (97 mi)[1][2]Track gauge1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge and 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gaugeElectrification25 kV, 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary The Delhi Metro (Hindi: दिल्ली मेट्रो Dillī Meṭro) is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida in the National Capital Region of India. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 156 kilometres (97 mi) with 132 stations of which 31 are underground. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade and underground lines and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC). As of November 2010, DMRC operates around 2,700 trips daily between 6:00 and 23:00 running with an interval of 2.5 minutes between trains at peak frequency.[8][4] The trains have four coaches, but there are plans to shift to six coach trains to increase capacity.[7][8][9][6] The power output is supplied by 25-kilovolt, 50 Hertz alternating current through overhead catenary. The metro has an average daily ridership of 1.5 million commuters, HYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-ridership2-2quot;
[3] and, as of August 2010, had carried over 1.25 billion commuters since its inception.[10] Planning for the metro started in 1984, when the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system for the city. The Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) in 1995. Construction started in 1998, and the first section, on the Red Line, opened in 2002, followed by the Yellow Line in 2004, the Blue Line in 2005, its branch line in 2009, the Green and Violet Lines in 2010. Subsequently, these lines have been extended and new lines are under construction in Phase II of the project, including the Delhi Airport Metro Express whose opening has been postponed until December 2010 due to safety concerns.[11] Contents[hide]1 History 1.1 Background1.2 Construction2 Network 2.1 Current routes 2.1.1 Red Line2.1.2 Yellow Line2.1.3 Blue Line2.1.4 Green Line2.1.5 Violet Line2.2 Routes under construction 2.2.1 Airport Express2.3 Planned extensions 2.3.1 Phase III 2.3.1.1 Routes within Delhi2.3.1.2 Routes beyond Delhi border2.3.2 Phase IV3 Finances 3.1 Funding3.2 Revenue and profits4 Operations 4.1 Security4.2 Ticketing4.3 Issues4.4 Accidents5 Rolling stock 5.1 Broad gauge5.2 Standard gauge6 Signalling and telecommunication7 Environment and aesthetics8 Notes9 References10 Further reading11 External links [edit] History [edit] Background The concept of a mass rapid transit for Delhi first emerged from a traffic and travel characteristics study carried out in the city in 1969.[12] Over the next several years, many official committees by a variety of government departments were commissioned to examine issues related to technology, route alignment and governmental jurisdiction.[13] In 1984, the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system, which would consist of constructing three underground mass rapid transit corridors as well augmenting the city's existing suburban railway and road transport networks.[14] While extensive technical studies and search for financing the project were in progress, the city expanded significantly resulting in a twofold rise in population and a fivefold rise in the number of vehicles between 1981 and 1998.[14] Consequently, traffic congestion and pollution soared, as an increasing number of commuters took to private vehicles with the existing bus system unable to bear the load.[12] An attempt at privatising the bus transport system in 1992 merely compounded the problem, with inexperienced operators plying poorly maintained, noisy and polluting buses on lengthy routes, resulting in long waiting times, unreliable service, extreme overcrowding, unqualified drivers, speeding and reckless driving.[15] To rectify the situation, the Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on March 5, 1995 with E. Sreedharan as the managing director.[16] [edit] Construction Physical construction work on the Delhi Metro started on October 1, 1998.[17] After the previous problems experienced by the Calcutta Metro, which was badly delayed and 12 times over budget due to quot;
political meddling, technical problems and bureaucratic delaysquot;
, the DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control funds.[18] As a result, construction proceeded smoothly, except from one major disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to use broad gauge despite the DMRC's preference for standard gauge.[19] The first line of the Delhi Metro was inaugurated by Atal Behari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India on December 24, 2002[5] and thus it became the second underground rapid transit system in India, after the Kolkata Metro. The first phase of the project was completed in 2006[20] on budget and almost three years ahead of schedule, an achievement described by BusinessWeek as quot;
nothing short of a miraclequot;
.[21] [edit] Network Main article: List of Delhi metro stations The Delhi Metro is being built in phases. Phase I completed 65.11 km (40.46 mi) of route length, of which 13.01 km (8.08 mi) is underground and 52.10 km (32.37 mi) surface or elevated. The inauguration of the Indraprastha–Barakhamba Road corridor of the Blue Line marked the completion of Phase I on October 27, 2006.[20] Phase II of the network comprises 128 km (80 mi) of route length and 79 stations, and is presently under construction, with the first section opened in June 2008 and a target completion date of 2010.[22] Phases III (112 km) and IV (108.5 km) are planned to be completed by 2015 and 2021 respectively, with the network spanning 413 km (257 mi) by then.[23] [edit] Current routes As of October 3, 2010, the whole of Phase-I and parts of Phase-II are complete, with the network comprising five lines with 130 metro stations and a total length of 156 km (97 mi).[1][2][24] LineFirst operationalLast ExtensionStations[24]Length(km)[24]TerminalsRolling stockNetwork Map Red LineDecember 24, 2002June 4, 20082125.1Dilshad GardenRithala23 trains[25] Yellow LineDecember 20, 2004September 3, 20103445JahangirpuriHUDA City Centre45 trains[4] Blue LineDecember 31, 2005October 30, 20104450Noida City CentreDwarka Sector 2159 trains[8]January 8, 2010—66.25Yamuna BankAnand Vihar Green LineApril 3, 2010—1415.1InderlokMundka13 trains[26] Violet LineOctober 3, 2010—1315Central SecretariatSarita Vihar29 trains[27] [edit] Red Line Main article: Red Line (Delhi Metro) The Red Line was the first line of the Metro to be opened and connects Rithala in the west to Dilshad Garden in the east, covering a distance of 25.09 kilometres (15.59 mi).[25] It is partly elevated and partly at grade, and crosses the Yamuna River between Kashmere Gate and Shastri Park stations.[28] The inauguration of the first stretch between Shahdara and Tis Hazari on December 24, 2002, caused the ticketing system to collapse due to the line being crowded to four times its capacity by citizens eager to have a ride.[29][30] Subsequent sections were inaugurated from Tis Hazari – Trinagar (later renamed Inderlok) on October 4, 2003,[31] Inderlok – Rithala on March 31, 2004, and Shahdara – Dilshad Garden on June 4, 2008.[32] [edit] Yellow Line Main article: Yellow Line (Delhi Metro) The Yellow Line was the second line of the Metro and was the first underground line to be opened.[33] It runs for 44.36 kilometres (27.56 mi) from north to south and connects Jahangirpuri with HUDA City Centre. The northern and southern parts of the line are elevated, while the central section through some of the most congested parts of Delhi is underground. The first section between Vishwa Vidyalaya and Kashmere Gate opened on December 20, 2004, and the subsequent sections of Kashmere Gate – Central Secretariat opened on July 3, 2005, and Vishwa Vidyalaya – Jahangirpuri on February 4, 2009.[32] This line also possesses the country's deepest Metro station at Chawri Bazaar, situated 30 metres (98 ft) below ground level.[34][35] On 21 June 2010, an additional stretch from Qutub Minar to HUDA City Centre in Gurgaon was opened, initially operating separately from the main line. However, Chhatarpur station on this line opened on August 26, 2010. Due to delay in acquiring the land for constructing the station, it was constructed using pre-fabricated structures in a record time of nine months and is the only station in the Delhi metro network to be made completely of steel.[36][37] The connecting link between Central Secretariat and Qutub Minar opened on September 3, 2010.[38] Interchanges are available with the Red Line at Kashmere Gate station, and with the Indian Railways network at Delhi and New Delhi railway stations.[39][40] [edit] Blue Line Main article: Blue Line (Delhi Metro) The Blue Line was the third line of the Metro to be opened, and the first to connect areas outside Delhi.[41] Partly overhead and partly underground, HYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-BlueTOI-41quot;
[42] it connects Dwarka Sub City in the west with the satellite city of Noida in the east, covering a distance of 47.4 kilometres (29.5 mi).[41] The first section of this line between Dwarka and Barakhamba Road was inaugurated on December 31, 2005, and subsequent sections opened between Dwarka – Dwarka Sector 9 on April 1, 2006, Barakhamba Road – Indraprastha on November 11, 2006, Indraprastha – Yamuna Bank on May 10, 2009, Yamuna Bank – Noida City Centre on November 12, 2009, and Dwarka Sector 9 - Dwarka Sector 21 on October 30, 2010.[32] This line crosses the Yamuna River between Indraprastha and Yamuna Bank stations,[28] and has India's first extradosed bridge across the Northern Railways mainlines near Pragati Maidan.[43] A branch of the Blue line, inaugurated on January 8, 2010, takes off from Yamuna Bank station and runs for 6.25 kilometres (3.88 mi) up to Anand Vihar in east Delhi.[44] A small stretch of 2.76 kilometres (1.71 mi) from Dwarka Sector 9 to Dwarka Sector 21 was inaugurated on October 30, 2010.[1][2] Interchanges are available with the Yellow Line at Rajiv Chowk station,[42] and with the Indian Railways network at the Anand Vihar Railway Terminal.[45] [edit] Green Line Main article: Green Line (Delhi Metro) Opened in 2010, the Green Line was the first standard-gauge corridor of the Delhi Metro.[26] The fully elevated line connects Mundka with Inderlok, running for 15.1 kilometres (9.4 mi) mostly along Rohtak Road.[46] An interchange with the Red line is available at Inderlok station via an integrated concourse.[47] This line also has the country's first standard-gauge maintenance depot at Mundka.[48] [edit] Violet Line Main article: Violet Line (Delhi Metro) The Violet Line is the most recent line of the Metro to be opened, and the second standard-gauge corridor after the Green Line. The 15 km (9.3 mi) long line connects Sarita Vihar to Central Secretariat, with 9 km (5.6 mi) being overhead and the rest underground.[27] It was inaugurated on October 3, 2010, just hours before the inaugural ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and connects the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium which is the venue for the opening and closing ceremonies of the event.[49] Completed in just 41 months, it includes a 100 m (330 ft) long bridge over the Indian Railways mainlines and a 167.5 m (550 ft) long cable-stayed bridge across an operational road flyover, and connects several hospitals, tourist attractions and a major industrial estate along its route.[27] Services are provided at intervals of 2 min 40 sec, the shortest on the network.[49] An interchange with the Yellow Line is available at Central Secretariat through an integrated concourse.[27] [edit] Routes under construction Phase II consists of 127 km (79 mi) of railway lines, of which the following sections are under construction.[23] Construction work in progress for the Phase II extension to Gurgaon. Planned Opening DateRouteTerminalsLengthStationsDecember 2010[50]■ Airport ExpressNew Delhi – IGI Airport – Dwarka Sector 2122.7 km (14.1 mi)5December 2010■ Violet LineSarita Vihar – Badarpur5.16 km (3.21 mi)3March 2011■ Green LineKirti Nagar – Ashok Park Main3.32 km (2.06 mi)2June 2011[51]■ Blue LineAnand Vihar – Vaishali2.5 km (1.6 mi)2 [edit] Airport Express Main article: Delhi Airport Metro Express The Airport Express line runs for 22.7 km (14.1 mi) from New Delhi Railway Station to Dwarka Sector 21, linking the Indira Gandhi International Airport. The line will be operated, by the Delhi Airport Metro Express Pvt. Limited (DAMEL), a subsidiary of Reliance Infrastructure, the concessionaire of the line.[52] Constructed at a cost of 2,885 crore (US$637.59 million),[53] the line will have six stations with check-in facilities, parking and eateries.[54] Originally scheduled to open before the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the line failed to obtain the mandatory safety clearance, and was rescheduled to open by the middle of November 2010.[55][11] The line is still to be completed with its final safety inspections and get clearances which is scheduled in December 2010.[56] Rolling stock is expected to consist of six-coach trains operating at intervals of ten minutes and having a maximum speed of 135 km/h (84 mph).[54] [edit] Planned extensions Several extensions to the Delhi Metro network have been planned. [edit] Phase III [edit] Routes within Delhi Phase III, tentatively composed of six routes covering 69.57 kilometres (43.23 mi), has a 2015 deadline. The following routes have received Cabinet clearance and are expected to commence construction by the end of 2010[57]: Central Secretariat to Red Fort (6.8 km) - Violet Line Rajouri Garden to Mukundupur (12.4 km) - New line Jahangirpuri to Badali (3.4 km) - Yellow Line Three lines are still pending approval HYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-ht-phase3-56quot;
[57]: Anand Vihar to Dhaula Kuan (25.66 km) - New line Malviya Nagar to Kalindi Kunj (11.64 km) - New line Ashok Park to Delhi Gate (9.64 km) - Unconfirmed [edit] Routes beyond Delhi border In addition, a 13.8 km (8.6 mi) long extension of the Violet Line from Badarpur into Faridabad in neighbouring Haryana at a cost of 2,533 crore (US$559.79 million) has received budgetary and other clearances, and construction is set to begin in October 2010.[58] [edit] Phase IV Phase IV has a 2020 deadline, and tentatively includes further extensions to Sonia Vihar, Reola Khanpur, Palam, Najafgarh, Ghazipur, Noida Sector 62, Gurgaon and Faridabad, having a total length of 108.5 km (67.4 mi).[23] Apart from these lines in Phases I to IV, plans have been mooted to construct a new line from Noida Sector 62 to Greater Noida which will intersect Indraprastha – Noida Sector 32 line.[59] The Ghaziabad Development Authority is planning to extend Delhi Metro lines deeper into Ghaziabad in three phases, including the extension of the Blue Line from Anand Vihar to Vaishali, and subsequently to Mehrauli via Indirapuram, as well as the extension of the Red Line from Dilshad Garden to the new Ghaziabad bus stand.[51][60] The independently operated Gurgaon Metro, if built, will also interchange with the Delhi Metro.[61] [edit] Finances [edit] Funding The capital cost of Phases I and II has been estimated to be 14,430 crore (US$3.19 billion) at 2004 prices.[62] However, more recent estimates have placed the cost of construction at 200 crore (US$44.2 million) per kilometre.[63] Thirty percent of the total investment for Phases I and II has been raised through equity capital with the Government of India (GoI) and Government of Delhi contributing equal shares,[62] and approximately another 60 percent has been raised as either long-term or subordinate debt, through soft loans from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation.[64] The rest of the investment is proposed to be recovered from internal revenues through operations and property development.[62] The Metro also received 1,914.3 crore (US$423.1 million) as grant-in-aid from various agencies for the financial year ending March 2009.[65] As of August 7, 2010, Delhi Metro has paid back an amount of 567.63 crore (US$125.45 million), which includes loan amount for Phase I and interest amounts for Phases I and II, to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[66] [edit] Revenue and profits In 2007, the Delhi Metro claimed to be one of only five metro systems in the world that operated at a profit without government subsidies. This was enabled by keeping maintenance costs to a minimum and harnessing additional revenue from advertisements and property development, apart from ticket sales.[67][68] The Metro also generates revenue by leasing out its trains and stations for film shoots. Due to its increasing association with Delhi as an image of the city's everyday life, it has been a popular filming location for production houses, and several films and advertisements have been shot on board.[69][70] Producers have to pay as much as 1 lakh (US$2,210) for every hour of filming, besides a security deposit and insurance.[69] For the financial year ended March 2008, the Metro reported operating revenues of 305.27 crore (US$67.5 million) and a profit before tax of 19.98 crore (US$4.42 million),[71] which rose to 723.77 crore (US$160 million) and 90.43 crore (US$20 million) respectively for the financial year ended March 2009.[65] [edit] Operations Inside a Metro Station. Trains operate at a frequency of 3 to 4.5 minutes between 6:00 and 23:00. Trains operating within the network typically travel at speeds below 80 km/h (50 mph), and stop about 20 seconds at each station. Automated station announcements are recorded in Hindi and English. Many stations have services such as ATMs, food outlets, cafés and convenience stores. Eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing of gum are prohibited in the entire system. The Metro also has a sophisticated fire alarm system for advance warning in emergencies, and fire retardant material is used in trains as well as on the premises of stations.[72] Navigation information is available on Google Transit.[73] The first coach of every train is reserved for women only. Delhi Metro is the second contemporary rapid transit system in the world to do so after the Dubai Metro.[74][75][76] [edit] Security Security on the Delhi Metro is handled by the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), who have been guarding the system ever since they took over from the Delhi Police in 2007.[77] Closed-circuit cameras are used to monitor trains and stations, and feed from these is monitored by both the CISF and Delhi Metro authorities at their respective control rooms.[78] Over 3500 CISF personnel have been deployed to deal with law and order issues in the system, in addition to metal detectors, X-ray baggage inspection systems and dog squads which are used to secure the system.[79] Intercoms are provided in each train car for emergency communication between the passengers and the driver.[80] Periodic security drills are carried out at stations and on trains to ensure preparedness of security agencies in emergency situations.[81] [edit] Ticketing For the convenience of customers, Delhi Metro commuters have three choices for ticket purchase. The RFID tokens are valid only for a single journey on the day of purchase and the value depends on the distance travelled, with fares for a single journey ranging from 8 (US$0.18) to 30 (US$0.66). Fares are calculated based on the origin and destination stations using a fare chart.[82] A common ticketing facility for commuters travelling on Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) buses and the Metro will be introduced in 2011.[83] Travel cards are available for longer durations and are most convenient for frequent commuters. They are valid for one year from the date of purchase or the date of last recharge, and are available in denominations of 50 (US$1.11) to 800 (US$17.7). A 10% discount is given on all travel made on it.[84] A deposit of 50 (US$1.11) needs to be made to buy a new card.[82] Tourist cards can be used for unlimited travel on the Delhi Metro network over short periods of time. There are two kinds of tourist cards valid for one and three days respectively. The cost of a one-day card is 100 (US$2.2) and that of a three-day card is 250 (US$5.5), besides a refundable deposit of 50 (US$1.11) that must be paid at the time of purchasing the card.[82] [edit] Issues A long line of commuters waiting to purchase tickets at the Yamuna Bank station in east Delhi. As the network has expanded, high ridership and technical snags in new trains have led to increasing instances of overcrowding and delays on the Delhi Metro.[85][86] To alleviate the problem, orders for new coaches have been placed and an increase in the frequency of trains has been proposed.[85] Infrequent, overcrowded and erratic feeder bus services connecting stations to nearby localities have also been reported as an area of concern.[87][88] In 2010, severe overcrowding on the Yellow Line, which connects the north and south campuses of Delhi University, was reported to be a reason for students missing or reporting late for classes.[89] [edit] Accidents On October 19, 2008, a girder launcher and a part of the overhead Blue Line extension under construction in Laxmi Nagar, East Delhi collapsed and fell on passing vehicles underneath. Workers were lifting a 400-tonne concrete span of the bridge with the help of a crane when the launcher collapsed along with a 34 metres (112 ft) long span of the bridge on top of a Blueline bus killing the driver and a labourer.[90] On July 12, 2009, a portion of a bridge under construction collapsed when its launching girder lost balance as it was being erected at Zamrudpur, near East of Kailash, on the Central Secretariat – Badarpur corridor. Six people were killed and 15 others injured.[91] The day after, on July 13, 2009, a crane that was removing the debris collapsed, and with a bowling pin effect collapsed two other nearby cranes, injuring six.[92] On July 22, 2009 a steel beam fell on a worker at the under-construction Ashok Park Metro station, killing him.[93] Over a hundred people, including 93 workers, have died since work on the metro began in 1998.[94] [edit] Rolling stock A Phase I broad gauge train, supplied by Hyundai Rotem-BEML.[95] A Phase II broad gauge train, supplied by Bombardier. The Metro uses rolling stock of two different gauges. Phase I lines use 1,676 mm (5.499 ft) broad gauge rolling stock, while three Phase II lines use 1,435 mm standard gauge rolling stock.[96] Trains are maintained at seven depots at Khyber Pass and Sultanpur for the Yellow Line, Mundka for the Green Line, Najafgarh and Yamuna Bank for the Blue Line, Shastri Park for the Red Line and Sarita Vihar for the Violet Line.[97][27][98][99][100] One of the new six coach trains. [edit] Broad gauge The broad gauge rolling stock is manufactured by two major suppliers. For the Phase I, the rolling stock was supplied by a consortium of companies comprising Hyundai Rotem, Mitsubishi Corporation, and MELCO. The coaches were initially built in South Korea by ROTEM,[101] then in Bangalore by BEML through a technology transfer arrangement.[102] These trains consist of four 3.2-metre (10 ft) wide stainless steel lightweight coaches with vestibules permitting movement throughout their length and can carry up to 1500 passengers, HYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-TOIcoaches-102quot;
[103] with 50 seated and 330 standing passengers per coach.[104] The coaches are fully air conditioned, equipped with automatic doors, microprocessor-controlled brakes and secondary air suspension,[105] and are capable of maintaining an average speed of 32 km/h (20 mph) over a distance of 1.1 km (0.68 mi).[104] The system is extensible up to eight coaches, and platforms have been designed accordingly.[103] The rolling stock for Phase II is being supplied by Bombardier Transportation, which has received an order for 498 cars worth US$828 million.[106] While initial trains were made in Germany and Sweden, the remainder will be built at Bombardier's Indian factory in Savli, near Vadodara.[107] These trains are a mix of four-car and six-car consists, capable of accommodating 1178 and 1792 commuters per train respectively. The coaches possess several improved features like Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras with eight-hour backup for added security, charging points in all coaches for cell phones and laptops, improved air conditioning to provide a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius even in packed conditions and heaters for winter.[108] [edit] Standard gauge The standard gauge rolling stock is manufactured by BEML at its factory in Bangalore. The trains are four-car consists with a capacity of 1506 commuters per train, HYPERLINK quot;
quot;
cite_note-108quot;
[109] accommodating 50 seated and 292 standing passengers in each coach.[104] These trains will have CCTV cameras in and outside the coaches, power supply connections inside coaches to charge mobiles and laptops, better humidity control, microprocessor-controlled disc brakes,[110] and will be capable of maintaining an average speed of 34 km/h (21 mph) over a distance of 1.1 km (0.68 mi).[104] [edit] Signalling and telecommunication Inside a Metro coach. The Delhi Metro uses cab signalling along with a centralised automatic train control system consisting of automatic train operation, Automatic Train Protection and automatic train signalling modules.[111] A 380 MHz digital trunked TETRA radio communication system from Motorola is used on all 3 lines to carry both voice and data information.[112] For Line 3, Siemens Transportation Systems has supplied the electronic interlocking Sicas, the operation control system Vicos OC 500 and the automation control system LZB 700 M.[113] An integrated system comprising optical fibre cable, on-train radio, CCTV, and a centralised clock and public address system is used for telecommunication during train operations as well as emergencies.[114] [edit] Environment and aesthetics The Delhi Metro has won awards for environmentally friendly practices from organisations including the United Nations,[115] RINA,[116] and the International Organization for Standardization,[116] becoming the second metro in the world, after the New York City Subway, to be ISO 14001 certified for environmentally friendly construction.[117] Most of the Metro stations on the Blue Line conduct rainwater harvesting as an environmental protection measure.[118] It is also the first railway project in the world to earn carbon credits after being registered with the United Nations under the Clean Development Mechanism,[119] and has so far earned 400,000 carbon credits by saving energy through the use of regenerative braking systems on its trains.[120] The Metro has been promoted as an integral part of community infrastructure, and community artwork depicting the local way of life has been put on display at stations.[121] Students of local art colleges have also designed decorative murals at Metro stations,[122] while pillars of the viaduct on some elevated sections have been decorated with mosaic murals created by local schoolchildren.[123] The Metro station at INA Colony has a gallery showcasing artwork and handicrafts from across India,[124] while all stations on the Central Secretariat – Qutub Minar section of the Yellow Line have panels installed on the monumental architectural heritage of Delhi.[125] [edit] Notes ^ a b c d quot;
DMRC Extends Metro Services To Dwarka Sector 21 on Line-3quot;
. Press Releases (DMRC). 2010-10-30. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/press_reldetails.aspx?id=qZpXzaO5CaMlld. Retrieved 2010-10-30. ^ a b c d quot;
Noida Metro line extended to Dwarka Sec-21quot;
. The Hindu. 2010-10-30. http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article859532.ece. Retrieved 2010-10-30. ^ a b quot;
Highest ridership for Metro on Mondayquot;
. Hindustan Times. 2010-11-16. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Highest-ridership-for-Metro-on-Monday/Article1-627181.aspx. Retrieved 2010-11-18. ^ a b c quot;
Delhi Metro Operations Updatequot;
. Press Release. DMRC. 2010-11-26. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/press_reldetails.aspx?id=DxsisLpwLn09clld. Retrieved 2010-12-07. ^ a b quot;
Indian PM launches Delhi metroquot;
. BBC News. 2002-12-24. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2602907.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-22. ^ a b c quot;
DMRC To Induct Two Six-Coach Trains By The End Of This Month On Line-3quot;
. Press Release. DMRC. 2010-12-03. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/press_reldetails.aspx?id=DiJlX4UgMBMlld. Retrieved 2010-12-07. ^ a b quot;
Delhi Metro to add extra coachesquot;
. Business Standard. 2010-01-06. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/delhi-metro-to-add-extra-coaches-to-trains/356346/. Retrieved 2010-01-06. ^ a b c quot;
More trains from Dwarka to Noidaquot;
. The Times of India. 2010-11-27. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/More-trains-from-Dwarka-to-Noida/articleshow/6997744.cms. Retrieved 2010-12-07. ^ quot;
Metro starts shift to six-coach trains to boost capacityquot;
. Hindustan Times. 2010-09-25. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Metro-starts-shift-to-six-coach-trains-to-boost-capacity/687516/. Retrieved 2010-09-29. ^ quot;
Delhi metro's total ridership since 2002 crosses the total population of Indiaquot;
. Press Release. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. 2010-08-23. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/press_reldetails.aspx?id=FzMnclfd2o1oMlld. Retrieved 2010-08-27. ^ a b Lalchandani, Neha (2010-10-26). quot;
Metro's IGI line delayed, will open by end-Decquot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Metros-IGI-line-delayed-will-open-by-mid-Nov/articleshow/6811953.cms. Retrieved 2010-11-01. ^ a b Siemiatycki 2006, p. 279 ^ Siemiatycki 2006, pp. 279–280 ^ a b quot;
History of Delhi Metroquot;
. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/needformetro/history.aspx. Retrieved 2009-09-17. ^ Pucher, John; Nisha Korattyswaroopam, Neenu Ittyerah (2004). quot;
The Crisis of Public Transport in Indiaquot;
. Journal of Public Transportation 7 (4): 1–20. http://131.247.19.1/jpt/pdf/JPT%207-4%20Pucher.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-17. ^ quot;
Structure of Delhi Metroquot;
. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/needformetro/metro-need.aspx. Retrieved 2009-09-17. ^ quot;
Delhi metro rail work begins but without fanfarequot;
. The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19981002/27550424.html. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro showcases public sector successquot;
. The Indian Express. 2007-04-13. http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=84775. Retrieved 2009-09-10. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro Rail to adopt BG systemquot;
. The Hindu Business Line. 2000-08-07. http://www.hinduonnet.com/businessline/2000/08/07/stories/140760l1.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-10. ^ a b quot;
Phase 1 complete, Pragati Maidan now on Metro mapquot;
. Express India. 2006-10-27. http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=206789. Retrieved 2010-04-18. ^ Nandini Lakshman (2007-03-19). quot;
The Miracle-Worker of the Delhi Metroquot;
. BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_12/b4026009.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-10. ^ Smriti Kak Ramachandran (2007-09-17). quot;
Delhi Metro confident of meeting deadlinequot;
. The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/17/stories/2007091753860400.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-10. ^ a b c quot;
Delhi Metro Phase I and IIquot;
. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/project_updates.aspx. Retrieved 2010-03-25. ^ a b c Sanjay Kapoor (2010-09-04). quot;
Metro:The Complete Picturequot;
. Hindustan Times. http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/PUBLICATIONS/HT/HD/2010/09/04/ArticleHtmls/Taken-for-a-ride-feel-commuters-04092010004002.shtml?Mode=1. Retrieved 2010-09-04. ^ a b Atul Mathur (2009-09-17). quot;
A swankier, smarter Metroquot;
. Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/A-swankier-smarter-Metro/Article1-454767.aspx. Retrieved 2009-11-12. ^ a b quot;
Delhi Metro crosses new horizonsquot;
. Hindustan Times. 2010-04-03. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/Delhi-Metro-crosses-new-horizons/Article1-526409.aspx. Retrieved 2010-04-04. ^ a b c d e quot;
Additional Informationquot;
. Press Release. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/PressReleaseDocuments/20/41Additional_Information.doc. Retrieved 2010-10-03. ^ a b quot;
On May 3, Metro to cross Yamuna againquot;
. The Times of India. 2009-04-24. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/On-May-2-Metro-to-cross-Yamuna-again/articleshow/4441285.cms. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ quot;
Prime Minister inaugurates Metro Rail services between Tis Hazari and Shahdaraquot;
. Press Release. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2002-12-24. http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2002/rdec2002/24122002/r241220027.html. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ quot;
Passengers swamp Delhi's new metroquot;
. Sydney Morning Herald. 2002-12-27. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/12/26/1040511133673.html. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ quot;
70,000 travel by Tri Nagar-Tis Hazari Metro railquot;
. The Times of India. 2003-10-05. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/70000-travel-by-Tri-Nagar-Tis-Hazari-Metro-rail/articleshow/216425.cms. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ a b c quot;
Metro Station Informationquot;
. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/station-info.aspx. Retrieved 2009-03-29. ^ quot;
A subterranean journey beginsquot;
. The Times of India. 2004-12-20. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/964370.cms. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ quot;
Metro creating a marvel in Walled Cityquot;
. The Hindu. 2004-01-08. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/01/08/stories/2004010805490300.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ quot;
Technological marvel set to unfold on July 2quot;
. The Hindu. 2005-06-29. http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/29/stories/2005062920010300.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ quot;
Chhattarpur Metro Station To Become Operational From Tomorrowquot;
. DMRC. 2010-08-25. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/press_reldetails.aspx?id=IT8bnclZM5cBAlld. Retrieved 2010-09-26. ^ quot;
Chattarpur station to open todayquot;
. The Times of India. 2010-08-26. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Chattarpur-station-to-open-today/articleshow/6435360.cms. Retrieved 2010-09-26. ^ quot;
Gurgaon gets a lifeline as CST-Qutub corridor opensquot;
. Sify News. 2010-09-04. http://sify.com/news/gurgaon-gets-a-lifeline-as-cst-qutub-corridor-opens-news-national-kjduEhecbaj.html. Retrieved 2010-09-04. ^ Nidhi Sharma (2005-06-29). quot;
New Delhi Metro station, your connect with National railquot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/New-Delhi-Metro-station-your-connect-with-National-rail/articleshow/1154950.cms. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ quot;
Secretariat to DU in 18 minutes flatquot;
. The Hindu. 2005-07-01. http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/01/stories/2005070111420400.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-29. ^ a b quot;
Metro enters Noida, set to change travelling habits of peoplequot;
. Daily News and Analysis. 2009-11-12. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_metro-enters-noida-set-to-change-travelling-habits-of-people_1310610. Retrieved 2009-01-12. ^ a b quot;
Metro to travel underground and overheadquot;
. The Times of India. 2005-12-28. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Metro-to-travel-underground-and-overhead/articleshow/1349130.cms?flstry=1. Retrieved 2010-04-04. ^ Gaurav Vivek Bhatnagar (2006-11-12). quot;
Delhi Metro just got bigger and betterquot;
. The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/12/stories/2006111212620100.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-04. ^ quot;
Delhi Anand Vihar Metro line opens for publicquot;
. The Economic Times. 2010-01-07. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/Anand-Vihar-Metro-line-opens-for-public/articleshow/5419382.cms. Retrieved 2010-01-08. ^ quot;
40000 Footfalls at Anand Vihar Metro on Day 1quot;
. Outlook India. 2010-01-07. http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?672357. Retrieved 2010-04-04. ^ quot;
Metro Goes To Mundka On new green linequot;
. The Times of India. 2010-04-01. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Metro-Goes-To-Mundka-On-new-green-line/articleshow/5748542.cms. ^ quot;
Delhi metro to launch standard-gauge trains in Marchquot;
. Daily News and Analysis. 2010-02-21. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_delhi-metro-to-launch-standard-guage-trains-in-march_1350835. Retrieved 2010-04-06. ^ quot;
Metro gets first standard gauge depotquot;
. The Hindu. 2010-02-23. http://beta.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article111997.ece. Retrieved 2010-04-06. ^ a b quot;
Metro from Central Secretariat to Sarita Vihar tooquot;
. The Times of India. 2010-10-03. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Metro-from-Central-Secretariat-to-Sarita-Vihar-too-/articleshow/6676959.cms. Retrieved 2010-10-04. ^ Neha Lalchandani (2010-10-26). quot;
Metro's IGI line delayed, will open by mid-Novquot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Metros-IGI-line-delayed-will-open-by-mid-Nov/articleshow/6811953.cms. Retrieved 2010-10-28. ^ a b Lalmani Verma (2010-02-10). quot;
Metro’s date with Ghaziabad delayed: now it’s March 2011quot;
. The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/metros-date-with-ghaziabad-delayed-now-its-march-2011/577962/0. Retrieved 2010-03-25. ^ Megha Suri Singh (2010-08-17). quot;
Hawk-eyed vigil on airport metro linequot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Hawk-eyed-vigil-on-airport-metro-lineHEAD/articleshow/6321859.cms. Retrieved 2010-08-17. ^ quot;
Delhi Airport line contracts finalisedquot;
. Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles. http://www.caf.net/img/prensa/notprensa/20090602113223railway3_may2009.pdf. ^ a b quot;
Airport Express Link: Metro gives a previewquot;
. The Indian Express. 2009-11-06. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/airport-express-link-metro-gives-a-preview/537817/0. Retrieved 2010-11-09. ^ quot;
Airport Metro misses CWG deadlinequot;
. NDTV. 2010-10-03. http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/airport-metro-misses-cwg-deadline-56656. Retrieved 2010-11-09. ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Sreedharan-okays-Airport-Metro-line/722362/ ^ a b http://www.hindustantimes.com/Nod-to-third-phase-of-metro-construction/H1-Article1-611456.aspx ^ quot;
Haryana approves funds for Metro to Faridabadquot;
. The Times of India. 2010-08-10. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Haryana-approves-funds-for-Metro-to-Faridabad/articleshow/6284271.cms. Retrieved 2010-09-19. ^ Gaurav Vivek Bhatnagar (2006-12-25). quot;
Delhi Metro map to cover Greater Noidaquot;
Ghaziabad to Delhi by Metro Railquot;
. Ghaziabad Development Authority. http://www.gdaghaziabad.com/metro.php#. Retrieved 2010-03-25. ^ Megha Suri (2010-01-30). quot;
Pvt metro link to get Central nod soonquot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/-Pvt-metro-link-to-get-Central-nod-soon/articleshow/5514881.cms. Retrieved 2010-02-02. ^ a b c M.N. Murty; K.K. Dhavala, Meenakshi Ghosh, Rashmi Singh (October 2006). quot;
Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of Delhi Metroquot;
. Institute of Economic Growth. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1658/1/MPRA_paper_1658.pdf. Retrieved 2009-11-24. ^ Madhav G. Badami (2009). quot;
Urban Transport Policy as if People and the Environment Mattered: Pedestrian Accessibility the First Stepquot;
. Economic and Political Weekly 44 (33): 43–51. http://epw.in/epw/uploads/articles/13826.pdf. Retrieved 2009-11-24. ^ Siemiatycki 2006, p. 289 ^ a b quot;
Annual Report, 2007-2008quot;
. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro pays back loan to Japanese agencyquot;
. The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article557992.ece. Retrieved 2010-08-18. ^ quot;
Increase in DMRC profitquot;
. The Hindu. 2007-09-24. http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/24/stories/2007092457210400.htm. Retrieved 2009-11-24. ^ Amy Yee (2009-11-05). quot;
Delhi's Subway Builderquot;
. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/global/2009/0511/026-india-delhi-subway-builder.html. Retrieved 2009-11-24. ^ a b Sweta Dutta (2009-12-28). quot;
On silver screen, Metro a symbol of urban Delhiquot;
. The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/on-silver-screen-metro-a-symbol-of-urban-delhi/560430/0. Retrieved 2010-01-25. ^ Garima Sharma (2009-12-28). quot;
Metro Moviequot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Metro-Movie/articleshow/5384693.cms. Retrieved 2010-01-25. ^ quot;
Annual Report, 2007-2008quot;
. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/annual_report_2007-08.pdf. Retrieved 2009-11-24. [dead link] ^ quot;
Measures to Ensure Safe Passage for Metro Train Passengersquot;
. Press Release. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 2010-08-27. http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=65407. Retrieved 2010-08-27. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro routes now on Google Mapsquot;
. The Economic Times. 2010-03-05. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/Delhi-Metro-routes-now-on-Google-Maps/articleshow/5644514.cms. Retrieved 2010-03-11. ^ quot;
Special coach for women on Delhi Metroquot;
. Daily News and Analysis. 2010-09-26. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_special-coach-for-women-on-delhi-metro_1443647. Retrieved 2010-09-27. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro to reserve coach for women from October 2quot;
. The Times of India. 2010-09-26. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Delhi-Metro-to-reserve-coach-for-women-from-October-2/articleshow/6629919.cms. Retrieved 2010-09-27. ^ quot;
Women get exclusive coach in Delhi Metroquot;
. Hindustan Times. 2010-10-02. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Women-get-exclusive-coach-in-Delhi-Metro/H1-Article1-607431.aspx. Retrieved 2010-10-02. ^ quot;
CISF to take over Delhi Metro securityquot;
Delhi metro parking areas to be bought under CCTV camerasquot;
. Daily News and Analysis. 2010-03-21. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_delhi-metro-parking-areas-to-be-bought-under-cctv-cameras_1361509. Retrieved 2010-04-15. ^ Megha Suri Singh (2010-03-30). quot;
Moscow blasts put Metro security in alert modequot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5740559.cms. Retrieved 2010-04-15. ^ quot;
Commuters Guide to Security on Delhi Metroquot;
. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/OtherDocuments/commuters_guide/pdf/security_english.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-15. ^ quot;
Mock drills at 4 Metro stationsquot;
. The Times of India. 2010-03-26. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Mock-drills-at-4-Metro-stations/articleshow/5724920.cms. Retrieved 2010-04-15. ^ a b c quot;
Route & farequot;
. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/metro-fares.aspx. Retrieved 2010-09-22. ^ quot;
Common tickets for DTC, Metro by 2011quot;
. Sify Technologies. 2010-03-26. http://sify.com/finance/common-tickets-for-dtc-metro-by-2011-jaipal-reddy-news-default-kd0uOedhfag.html. ^ quot;
10 % Discount on Metro SMART CARDSquot;
. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/whats_new.html#metrocards. [dead link] ^ a b Sweta Dutta (2009-11-16). quot;
Widening reach, Metro looks at ways to ease rushquot;
. The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/widening-reach-metro-looks-at-ways-to-ease-rush/542010/0. Retrieved 2009-11-21. ^ Atul Mathur (2009-11-19). quot;
Crowded stations, slow trainsquot;
. Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/Crowded-stations-slow-trains/Article1-477845.aspx. Retrieved 2009-11-21. ^ Atul Mathur (2009-12-08). quot;
Feeder service or the lack of itquot;
. Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/Feeder-service-or-the-lack-of-it/Article1-484059.aspx. Retrieved 2009-12-08. ^ quot;
Parking, feeder bus woes on Metro's Noida linequot;
. India Today. 2009-11-12. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/70508/LATEST%20NEWS/Parking,+feeder+bus+woes+on+Metro%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s+Noida+line.html. Retrieved 2009-12-08. ^ Vatsala Shrangi (2010-12-07). quot;
Many compelled to miss classes ahead of crucial examsquot;
. Mid-day. http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/dec/071210-News-Delhi-Metro-traffic-miss-classes-crucial-exams.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-07. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro bridge collapses; 1 deadquot;
. CNN-IBN (IBN Live). 2008-10-19. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/delhi-metro-bridge-collapses-1-dead--your-say--pics/76209-3.html?from=rssfeed. Retrieved 2008-10-19. ^ quot;
A chronology of Delhi Metro accidentsquot;
. Indo-Asian News Service (Hindustan Times Online). 2009-07-12. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=5c45c17b-12b7-4ae9-95ae-f78927740f10&Headline=A+chronology+of+Delhi+Metro+accidents. Retrieved 2009-07-12. ^ Megha Suri (2009-07-14). quot;
Day 2: 3 cranes fall, Metro image takes beatingquot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS-City-Delhi-Day-2-3-cranes-fall-Metro-image-takes-beating/articleshow/4774296.cms. Retrieved 2010-01-06. ^ quot;
Labourer dies at Delhi Metro construction sitequot;
. Central Chronicle. 2009-07-22. http://www.centralchronicle.com/viewnews.asp?articleID=10567. Retrieved 2010-04-22. ^ Atul Mathur (2009-12-07). quot;
City's nightmare on wheelsquot;
. Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/City-s-nightmare-on-wheels/Article1-483710.aspx. Retrieved 2009-12-08. ^ Reuters - Hyundai Rotem gets $310m order to supply trains ^ quot;
Delhi Metro gets standard gauge trainquot;
. The Hindu Business Line. 2009-03-18. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2009/03/18/stories/2009031850811500.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-02. ^ Sweta Dutta (2009-05-13). quot;
Eight depots for Metro as it chugs along ever-widening networkquot;
. The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Eight-depots-for-Metro-as-it-chugs-along-ever-widening-network/458341/. Retrieved 2009-09-26. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro, Indiaquot;
. railway-technology.com. http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/delhi/. ^ quot;
Metro gets first standard gauge depotquot;
. The Hindu. 2010-02-23. http://beta.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article111997.ece. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro constructs Asia's highest train washing plantquot;
. The Economic Times. 2010-04-25. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5855991.cms. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro, India - Key Dataquot;
. railway-technology.com. http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/delhi/. ^ P. Manoj (2005-08-25). quot;
BEML to rake in big money from proposed metro projectsquot;
. The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/25/stories/2005082504340500.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-26. ^ a b quot;
Second Metro rail arrives in Delhiquot;
. The Times of India. 2002-10-15. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/25298669.cms. Retrieved 2009-09-26. ^ a b c d quot;
Rolling Stock: Ensuring Passenger Comfort, Safety and Reliabilityquot;
. DMRC. http://www.delhimetrorail.com/OtherDocuments/metro_museum/images/7.jpg. Retrieved 2010-09-27. ^ quot;
Metro Rail gets first trainquot;
. The Hindu. 2002-07-27. http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/07/27/stories/2002072703730400.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-26. ^ quot;
Bombardier Wins New Contract in Delhi to Deliver Further 74 MOVIA Metro Carsquot;
. Press Release. Bombardier. 2010-06-30. http://bombardier.com/en/transportation/media-centre/press-releases/details?docID=0901260d8011809b. Retrieved 2010-07-28. ^ quot;
Bombardier to supply coaches to Delhi Metroquot;
. projectsmonitor.com. http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=14183. ^ quot;
Metro to get swankier, bigger coachesquot;
. The Times of India. 2009-09-17. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/city/delhi/Metro-to-get-swankier-bigger-coaches/articleshow/5019847.cms. Retrieved 2009-09-26. ^ quot;
BEML delivers India's 1st standard gauge metro carquot;
. The Economic Times. 2009-09-11. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4999078.cms. Retrieved 2009-09-26. ^ Smriti Kak Ramachandran (2009-07-30). quot;
Trial run begins on first standard gauge Metro linequot;
Technical Notes: Signallingquot;
. DMRC. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080312053117/www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/technicalnotes/tn_signalling.html. Retrieved 2009-11-23. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro Railway Corporation, Indiaquot;
. Motorola Electronics. http://www.motorola.com/staticfiles/Business/Products/_Documents/Case%20Studies/staticfile/TETRA_Transportation_India_Delhi_Metro_Railway_Corporation.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-03. ^ quot;
Metro Line 3, New Delhi, Indiaquot;
. Siemens AG. http://references.transportation.siemens.com/refdb/showReference.do?r=1881&div=2&l=en. Retrieved 2008-07-06. ^ quot;
Technical Notes: Telecommunicationquot;
. DMRC. Archived from the original on 2007-12-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20071226184202/http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/technicalnotes/tn_telecom.html. Retrieved 2009-11-23. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro gets UN certificate for preventing carbon emissionquot;
. The Times of India. 2009-02-22. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Delhi-Metro-gets-UN-certificate/articleshow/4169221.cms. Retrieved 2009-09-10. ^ a b quot;
Delhi Metro gets OHSAS 18001quot;
. DMRC. Archived from the original on 2008-06-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20080607074341/http://www.delhimetrorail.com/corporates/ecofriendly/ohsas18001.html. Retrieved 2009-09-10. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro Receives ISO 14001 For Eco-friendly Systemsquot;
. Press Release. USAID. 2002-12-24. http://www.usaid.gov/in/newsroom/press_releases/dec24_2.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-27. ^ quot;
Delhi Metro shows the way with water harvesting unitsquot;
Delhi Metro is first rail project to earn carbon creditsquot;
. The Economic Times. 2008-01-05. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/transportation/railways/Delhi-Metro-is-first-rail-project-to-earn-carbon-credits/articleshow/2676012.cms. Retrieved 2010-02-02. ^ Neha Sinha (2009-12-20). quot;
Delhi Metro on track to earn carbon creditsquot;
. The Indian Express. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/delhi-metro-on-track-to-earn-carbon-credits/556699/. Retrieved 2010-02-02. ^ Siemiatycki 2006, p. 284 ^ Anuradha Mukherjee (2002-12-13). quot;
Vibrant murals bring cheerquot;
. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Vibrant-murals-bring-cheer/articleshow/31101558.cms. Retrieved 2009-11-30. ^ Preeti Jha (2007-10-10). quot;
Murals by Salwan Public School students decorate Metro pillars on Pusa Roadquot;
. The Indian Express. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/murals-by-salwan-public-school-students-decorate-metro-pillars-on-pusa-road/226660/. Retrieved 2010-02-02. ^ quot;
At INA Metro station, a gallery for traditional art, craftsquot;
. Indian Express. 2010-09-02. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/at-ina-metro-station-a-gallery-for-traditional-art-crafts/676125/0. Retrieved 2010-09-21. ^ Smriti Kak Ramachandran (2010-09-02). quot;
Delhi metro gets a handicrafts galleryquot;
. The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2010/09/02/stories/2010090252320200.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-21. [edit] References Siemiatycki, Matti (June 2006). quot;
Message in a Metro: Building Urban Rail Infrastructure and Image in Delhi, Indiaquot;
. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30 (2): 259–277. http://web.iitd.ac.in/~tripp/delhibrts/metro/Metro/message%20in%20a%20metro%20-%20Matti.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-17. [edit] Further reading G. S. Dhillon (2004-01-29). quot;
Trenchless tunnellingquot;
. The Tribune. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040129/science.htm#1. A dream revisited: an archival journey into the making of the Delhi Metro Rail. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. 2003. OCLC 54073649 A journey to remember. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. 2008. pp. 94. OCLC 300027063 [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Delhi Metro Official site Real distance map of the Delhi Metro Network [show] v • d • eDelhi MetroLines Red Line (Dilshad Garden - Rithala) · Yellow Line (Jahangirpuri - HUDA City Centre) · Blue Line (Noida City Centre - Dwarka Sector 21) · Blue Line branch (Yamuna Bank - Anand Vihar) · Green Line (Inderlok - Mundka) · Violet Line (Central Secretariat - Sarita Vihar)Future projects Violet Line (Sarita Vihar - Badarpur) · Blue Line branch (Anand Vihar - Vaishali) · Airport Express (New Delhi - IGI Airport - Dwarka Sector 21) · Green Line branch (Ashok Park Main - Kirti Nagar) [show] v • d • eDelhi topicsHistoryIndraprastha · Hastinapur · Tomara · Rajput · Chauhan · Prithvirajaraso · Islamic invasions of India · Delhi Sultanate · Slave dynasty · Khilji dynasty · Tughluq dynasty · Sayyid dynasty · Lodhi dynasty · Sher Shah Suri · Mughal dynasty · British East India Company · Bahadur Shah Zafar · Indian rebellion of 1857 · British Raj · Viceroy of India · Indian independence movement · Partition of India · New DelhiGovernmentand localitiesGovernment · Legislative Assembly · Neighborhoods · Districts · District Centres · New Delhi · Municipal Corporation · Development Authority · New Delhi Municipal Council · Cantonment Board · Connaught Place · Lajpat Nagar · Chanakyapuri · Shahdara · NOIDA · Ghaziabad · Chandni Chowk · Palam · Delhi Cantonment · Faridabad · Gurgaon · Chief MinisterBuildings andlandmarksTourist attractions · Parliament of India · Rashtrapati Bhavan · Teen Murti Bhavan · Bahá'í House of Worship · Qutb Minar · Jama Masjid · Red Fort · India Gate · Vijay Chowk · Raj Ghat · Rajpath · Humayun's Tomb · Jantar Mantar · Purana Qila · Safdarjung's Tomb · List of parks · Moth Ki Masjid · Chausath Khamba · Barakhamba · Sultan Ghari · Hauz Khas Complex · Siri Fort · Khirki Masjid · Yogmaya Temple · Nizamuddin Dargah · Hanuman Temple, Connaught Place · Chhatarpur Temple · Jahanpanah · Coronation Park · Salimgarh Fort · Metcalfe House · Hauz-i-Shamsi · Jahaz Mahal · Zafar Mahal · Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb · Hijron Ka Khanqah · Gates of Delhi · Ashokan Edicts (Delhi)EconomyStock Exchange AssociationTransportAirIndira Gandhi International Airport · Safdarjung AirportRailNew Delhi Railway Station · Delhi Junction · Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station · Anand Vihar Railway Terminal · Delhi Metro · Delhi Monorail · Delhi Suburban RailwayRoadDelhi Transport Corporation · Inter State Bus Terminals · Delhi BRTSCulture andsportsIndependence Day · Republic Day · Punjabi cuisine · Dilli Haat · Ghantewala · Khari Baoli · Hinduism · Sikhism · Islam · Cinema · Shopping · Ferozshah Kotla · Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium · 1951 Asian Games · 1982 Asian Games · 2010 Commonwealth GamesEducationKendriya Vidyalaya · Government Engineering College, Jaffarpur · Indian Statistical Institute · Delhi Public School Society · Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies · University of Delhi · Indian Institute of Technology Delhi · Faculty of Management Science, University of Delhi · Jamia Millia Islamia · Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University · Indira Gandhi National Open University · All India Institute of Medical Sciences · Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology · Delhi School of Economics · Shri Ram College of Commerce · Lady Shri Ram College for Women · Delhi College of Engineering · St. Stephen's CollegeOther topicsFamous people from Delhi · Buildings and structures · List of cities in IndiaDistrictsCentral Delhi · East Delhi · New Delhi · North Delhi · North East Delhi · North West Delhi · South Delhi · South West Delhi · West DelhiSatellite citiesGurgaon · NOIDA · Faridabad · Ghaziabad [show] v • d • eRapid Rail Transit in IndiaMetroIn operationDelhi Metro · Kolkata MetroUnder ConstructionChennai Metro · Hyderabad Metro · Jaipur Metro · Mumbai Metro · Namma Metro (Bangalore) · RMRG ( HYPERLINK quot;
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 Categories: New Delhi | Delhi Metro | Public transport in India | Siemens Transportation Systems projects | Underground rapid transit systems | 2002 establishments | Rapid transit in India | Transport in Delhi Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links from September 2010 | Articles containing Hindi language text | Good articles Personal tools Log in / create account Namespaces Article Discussion Variants Views Read Edit View history Actions Search Top of Form Bottom of Form Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages বাংলা Česky Deutsch Français हिन्दी ইমার ঠার/বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Italiano ქართული Magyar മലയാളം मराठी Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Русский Suomi Svenska తెలుగు Українська ਪੰਜਾਬੀ This page was last modified on 26 December 2010 at 18:06. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Contact us Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Question 1: [57] While initial trains were made in Germany and Sweden, the remainder will be built at Bombardier's Indian factory in Savli, near ________. Your Answer: VadodaraCorrect! Question 2: Where are the headquarters of Delhi Metro? Your Answer: Metro Bhawan, Barakhamba Road, New DelhiCorrect! Question 3: Who operates Delhi Metro? Your Answer: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation LtdCorrect! Question 4: The Delhi Metro uses ________ along with a centralised Automatic Train Control system comprising of automatic train operation, Automatic Train Protection and automatic train signalling modules. Your Answer: Cab signallingCorrect! Question 5: [69] Most of the Metro stations on the Blue Line conduct ________ as an environmental protection measure. Your Answer: Rainwater harvestingCorrect! Question 6: Phase I lines use 1,676 millimetres (5.499 ft) broad gauge rolling stock, while three Phase II lines will use ________ rolling stock. Your Answer: Standard gaugeCorrect! Question 7: [13] As a result, construction proceeded smoothly, except from one major disagreement in 2000, where the Ministry of Railways forced the system to use broad gauge despite the DMRC's preference for ________. Your Answer: Rail gaugeWrong. Should have been Standard gauge Question 8: [63] A 380 MHz digital trunked TETRA radio communication system from ________ is used on all 3 lines to carry both voice and data information. Your Answer: MotorolaCorrect! Question 9: ________ are provided in each train car for emergency communication between the passengers and the driver. Your Answer: Walkie-talkieWrong. Should have been Intercom ---------------------------------------------------------------------------00---------------------------------------------Question 1: Each line of the Delhi Metro is identified by a specific ________. Your Answer: Primary colorWrong. Should have been Color Question 2: The system uses rolling stock of both ________ and standard gauge and has a combination of elevated, at-grade and underground lines. Your Answer: Rail gaugeWrong. Should have been Broad gauge Question 3: This is a List of metro stations of the Delhi Metro (Hindi: दिल्ली मेट्रो), a rapid transit system in ________, the capital city of India. Your Answer: DelhiCorrect! Question 10: Automated station announcements are recorded in ________ and English. Your Answer: HindiCorrect!

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A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system