Energy Conserving Design Details and Building Envelope Upgrades

The Green Roundtable
and

Energy Conserving
Design Details

Green Roundtable

Consulting, education, training
and strategic planning

to create healthy environments by
integrating principles of
sustainability into mainstream
planning, design and construction.

(copyright © Green Roundtable 2007)

Objectives

- Introduce you to basic concepts of energy
conserving design

- Help you develop the right mind-set & approach to
guide and inform future projects

- Provide some specific strategies/ elements to get
you started

- Demonstrate ways that these measures provide
benefits beyond energy conservation


Food for thought….


A sobering fact…

It has been estimated that in order for the
current population of the Earth to live at the
same quality of life as the industrialized
nations, it would require the resources of four
‗Earth equivalents‘.


More sobering facts…

Half of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions come
from buildings (construction/ operation)

Buildings account for nearly half of the total
energy use in the United States

Buildings represent the single largest energy
consumer in the U.S., followed by the
transportation sector


Additional housing sector facts…
There are more than 76 million residential
buildings in the USA today

The average size of a U.S. single-family
house has increased by 33% since 1975

Estimates of residential energy consumption
as a proportion of the nation‘s total energy
load range from around 20 – 40%

From 2000 to 2005, winter heating costs for
natural gas increased by 115%, oil by 135%,
and electricity by 18%

Additional housing sector facts…
According to HUD, if Americans can reduce
home energy use by 10% over the next ten
years (a doable number!), it will be the
energy equivalent of 40 new power plants
(600 Mw) and the greenhouse gas equivalent
of 25 million vehicles

The vast majority of the total life-cycle
energy consumed by a home is operating
energy (vs. the energy that goes into
building it)

A key focal point in green design:

Since buildings are so energy-intensive
in their construction, operation and
maintenance, much of green design
focuses on ways to moderate this
energy consumption


General approaches
- Work with nature; take advantage of site

- Choose design approaches that improve efficiency

- Pay attention to building envelope details

- Use natural/ passive ventilation & cooling strategies

- Improve efficiency through effective space layout

- Use efficient lighting & equipment

- Consider scale!


Low-hanging Fruit


Low cost, big return
• Insulate hot water pipes (pipes closest to water
heater first)
• Install low-flow shower heads
• Install faucet aerators & automatic faucets
• Install a programmable thermostat
• Carefully weatherstrip & air seal
• Use expanding foam insulation to plug obvious holes
in building envelope
• Use gasketed/ enclosed electrical receptacles


Low cost, big return- continued

• Use CFLs!

• Install dimmer switches & occupancy sensors

• Use zone lighting

• Put timer switches on bathroom fans

• Use motion sensor outdoor lights

• Buy Energy Star anything! (if it affects energy use)


Site/ Building Orientation

• Know the site! Visit during different times of year.
Set up on-site monitoring; Collect data from various
resources.

• Understand:
- Prevailing winds
- On-shore & off-shore breezes
- Sunshine patterns (insolation)
- Shading/ obstructions
- Topography


Climate data/ maps

• http://www.nrel.gov/gis/maps.html- Solar, Wind
resources

•Topographical maps:
http://store.usgs.gov/scripts/wgate/ZWW20/!?~langua
ge=en&~theme=GP&OSTORE=USGSGP&~OKCOD
E=START

•Sunpath diagrams:
http://www.luxal.eu/resources/daylighting/sunpath.shtml

• OLIVER- MassGIS Online Data Viewer:
http://maps.massgis.state.ma.us/massgis_viewer/index.htm


The Solar Pathfinder


Using the site
• Take advantage of existing vegetation if possible-
deciduous trees for shading; coniferous trees as
wind breaks
• Site structure on south-facing slope for maximum
solar gain; take advantage of wind & solar resources
• Use natural terrain features to protect structure from
cold winter winds
• Site structure downwind from lakes, ponds, wetlands
for natural cooling
• Take advantage of hills that funnel breezes
• Use earth-berming if topography permits


Building orientation/ layout

• Orient structure along East-West axis; i.e. long side
facing south

• Minimize glazing area on north, northeast & west-
facing walls

• Maximize glazing on south-facing walls to
maximize winter solar gains

• Incorporate buffer spaces in structure- closets along
outside walls, vestibules, enclosed porches, etc.

• Minimize surface area-to-volume ratio


Green Practice:
Improving the Building Envelope


Building envelope, definition

All of the elements of a building that separate and
isolate the outdoor environment from the indoor
environment. This may include walls and wall finishes,
roofs and roof finishes, doors, windows, skylights and
basement floors and walls.


Key Principle- Saving home energy

As a general rule, for the average home/
homeowner, the greatest energy savings will be
achieved through managing the demand side of
the equation, rather than the supply side.

In other words, you’ll get better bang for your buck
through energy conservation measures, like insulating
& minimizing air infiltration, than incorporating
expensive renewable energy systems such as wind
and solar.


An exception:

Exceptions to this may include passive solar, and
situations where you qualify for a substantial rebate
and/or credit for other renewable energy systems
(keep in mind the embodied energy of systems
though!)

There are other compelling reasons to perform
upgrades like this, such as reduced reliance on
foreign energy resources, promotion of renewable
energy & local industry, passive survivability, etc.


Preventing heat loss
• Insulate

• Air seal (prevent infiltration)

• Use landscape features- vegetative shields, etc.

• Address lifestyle issues

• Best bang for buck through air sealing! Begin here!


Building envelope, functions
• Protect structural elements and interior of structure
from weather, esp. moisture

• Help to maintain proper thermal regime within
structure

• Help to maintain proper humidity regime within
structure

• Prevent infiltration of outside air and contaminants

• Acoustically isolate interior of structure from outside
noise

• In essence, act as ‗membrane‘ for the structure


Building envelope failure
• Air leaks leading to:
-Infiltration of unconditioned air/ Drafts
-Direct escape of conditioned air to outside
-Infiltration of outdoor contaminants
• Excessive accumulation of interior moisture in wall
cavities causing structural/ insulation failure & mold
• Excessive heat transfer from inside to outside
• External water leaks leading to:
-Damaged structural elements
-Damaged interior finishes
-Insulation failure
-Damaged interior furnishings and appliances
-Mold problems

Building envelope components
• Exterior finish- wood siding, fiber-cement, brick, etc.

• Weather membrane/ air barrier/ drainage plane-
building paper, Tyvek, Typar, etc.

• Exterior sheathing- usually plywood or OSB

• Wall/ ceiling cavities (inc. structural members &
insulation)

• Vapor retarders/ barriers

• Doors & windows

• Interior wall finish


High-performance wall section

A high-
performance
wall section
(proposed for
consideration)


High-performance wall section, key
Envelope Layer Option 3 R-Value Permeance
Cedar (Eastern white) or fiber-cement
1 clapboards 0.87 (Cedar)
Pactiv GreenGuard Raindrop
2 Housewrap/ Rainscreen1 N/A
3 3/4" XPS Foam insulation 3.75 1.2
1/2" Homasote sheathing (Structural
bracing; high recycled content;
4 formaldehyde-free) 1.2 17
5 1/2" Stud cavity (2 x 6 walls; 24" o.c.)
w/ Fiberglass batts or polyurethane
5 spray foam 19/ 37*
Thermo-ply sheathing (Vapor retarder;
6 R-value from radiant barrier effect) 3.5 .53 -.63
0.45 (0.90 w
7 5/8" GWB (Dbl. layer for thermal mass) dbl. layer)
1 1/2" thick wood furring strips (for
radiant barrier effect; also, can move
8 electricals within thermal envelope) N/A
9 Air space 1 120

Total R-Value 29.77/ 47.77*
*w/ poly foam


Codes and standards

• Sixth edition of MA building code was officially
superseded by 7th edition as of January 1st, 2008

• New MA energy code based on 2006 International
Energy Conservation Code; more stringent

• Better to follow Energy Star Homes or HERS
guidelines for maximum energy efficiency and code
compliance (see resources slide)


Minimizing air infiltration
(sealing building envelope)

• Min .35 Air changes per hour (ACH) for good
ventilation; max .50 for energy efficiency (Energy
Star)
• Seal obvious openings- pipe penetrations, attic
scuttles, electrical receptacles, recessed lights, etc.
• Openings to attic spaces are some of worst offenders
• Any place where two building planes meet is good
candidate for air sealing
• For additions/ new construction, use exterior air
barrier to minimize infiltration


Housewrap to
minimize air
infiltration &
protect from
moisture


Blower door
test to
measure air
leakage


Air leakage pathways

Air leakage proportion through various pathways


Attic hatches/ scuttles are a major leakage pathway


A commercial solution for attic openings

See also www.efi.org


Insulate header/ rim joists w/ rigid foam & expanding foam


Seal joints between intersecting planes w/ expanding foam


Fireplaces are usually NOT an effective heating appliance!
They lead to excessive heat loss via drafts up chimney.


Air sealing, online product
sources

• efi.org

• conservationtechnology.com


Insulating
• Resistance to heat flow (insulating ability) measured
in R-value; not important to know how this is derived;
mainly need to know that it‘s a relative scale of
effectiveness, and the higher the R value, the better
the insulating value

• Code represents absolute minimum; newer code
has more stringent requirements; tied to window area;
R-49 ceiling, R-21 walls, R-30 floors, R-13 basement
typical


Insulating guidelines
• Go for low-hanging fruit- e.g. add more attic
insulation first if it is accessible and is not well
insulated; Don‘t forget the basement!

• Remember that if you use A/C you are minimizing
cooling expense by buttoning up your house as well
as heating expense

• Try to eliminate bridging (perimeter) heat loss
through structural elements, as it greatly reduces
overall insulation effectiveness

• Look for additional opportunities to insulate (other
than typical wall/ ceiling cavity insulation)

Bridging heat loss

• Conductive heat loss through structural members

• Eliminate with:
-Double wall construction (very expensive!)
-Foam skin
-Cross-banding attic batt insulation


Bridging heat loss- snow melts over roof rafters

Bridging heat loss caused wall-staining over structural members


Bridging
heat
loss through
sill plates


Layer of foam
minimizes bridging
loss through sill;
top of concrete
foundation wall
will also receive
layer of foam


Provide continuous vent (ridge) here

Continuous airflow (blue) from soffit
to ridge; minimizes risk of ice dams,
minimizes moisture accumulation in
Insulation baffle
rafter cavities, keeps living space
(green)
cooler in summer and may extend life
of roof

Rafter cavity insulation
(fiberglass typical.)

2” XPS foam board
insulation
Attic living space

Install continuous soffit vents
here


Insulation Baffle


Fiberglass batt insulation
• R 3.3 – 3.5 per inch

• Relatively inexpensive

• Look for formaldehyde-free binders and recycled
content

• Need to avoid inhaling dust during installation

• Can be rendered permanently useless if it gets wet

• No inherent air-sealing characteristics

• Moderate to high embodied energy


Cellulose insulation
• R 3.5 per inch; 3.7 if wet blown

• Relatively inexpensive

• Usually contains high recycled content (made from
newsprint)
• Need to avoid inhaling dust during installation

• Moisture tolerant; can dry out and remain effective

• Provides air-sealing characteristics if wet blown
(―damp spray‖; ―dense pack‖); professionally installed

• Low embodied energy


Extruded polystyrene (XPS)
• R 5.0 per inch

• Relatively expensive

• Acts as vapor barrier at thicknesses > ¾ inch

• Can be difficult to install

• Must be protected from flame with min. ½ in drywall
or equivalent

• Good air-sealing characteristics if edges foamed and
seams taped; closed-cell, moisture-resistant

• High embodied energy; many use HCFC blowing agents

Polyisocyanurate rigid foam
• R 7.0 per inch

• Relatively expensive

• Acts as radiant barrier if foil faced (and facing ¾‖
min. air space)

• Can be difficult to install

• Good air-sealing characteristics if edges foamed and
seams taped; somewhat moisture resistant (esp. foil-faced)

• High embodied energy


Icynene™ spray foam
• R 3.6 per inch

• Expensive

• Does not produce harmful smoke; does not burn

• Professionally installed

• Very good air-sealing characteristics; moisture-resistant

• Relatively high embodied energy


Polyurethane spray foam
• R 6.7 per inch

• Expensive

• Closed-cell; moisture resistant; may add structural
integrity

• Professionally installed

• Excellent air-sealing characteristics

• Relatively high embodied energy

• Soy-based equivalents now available (see
biobased.net for one example)


Icynene
application


Additional Insulating Opportunities

• Be creative!

• Examples:
- Behind built-in bookcases
- Behind cabinets
- Closet walls & ceilings

• Capitalize on opportunities to insulate, such as
when you have exposed exterior wall cavities during
remodeling projects


Thermograph to check heat loss through walls (insulation effectiveness)


Ventilation & Vapor Barriers

Issues:
• Moisture control as it relates to:
-Mold potential
-Structural failure
-Insulation failure
-Aesthetic issues

• Indoor air quality (IAQ)


Ventilation
• It‘s almost impossible to make an old house too
tight
• Even in a tight house a bathroom fan is generally
enough to provide adequate ventilation; control w/
timer (and/or humidistat)
• Control internal sources of excessive moisture
• Provide dedicated combustion air sources for large
combustion appliances like furnaces & fireplaces
• Proper attic ventilation may extend life of roof and
help to eliminate ice dams
• Extremely tight houses may need heat-recovery or
multi-port supply ventilation systems

Vent bathroom vans to outside!


Other ventilation strategies

• Heat recovery ventilators

• Multi-port exhaust ventilation


Vapor barriers/ Retarders
• Prevent transfer (and accumulation) of internal
moisture into wall/ ceiling cavities

• Always on warm side of insulation (winter) for this
part of country (northeast U.S.)

• In this part of country, vapor retarders are generally
better than vapor barriers; vapor retarders allow wall
to dry from the inside as well as outside

• Asphalt-impregnated kraft paper is excellent vapor
retarder


Vapor barriers, continued

• Eliminating air leaks in inside wall finishes minimizes
vapor transfer into wall cavities

• For retrofit of vapor barrier (w/ blown-in insulation for
instance), consider a vapor barrier paint

• New ‗smart‘ materials like Certainteed‘s Membrain
create variable vapor barrier


Windows
• Typical heat loss through windows about 20%

• Performance measured in ―U-value‖; inverse of R-
value; measure of material‘s ability to conduct heat;
the lower the U-value, the better

• Look for U-value of .35 or less

• Double-glazed, argon filled preferred; Diminishing
returns with triple glazing

• ‘Low-e’ coating reflects heat back into structure

• Always look for Energy Star & NFRC labels
(energystar.gov; nfrc.org)

NFRC Label


Windows
• Used ‗tuned‖ glazing strategies

• E.g., Use windows w/ low SHGC on west-facing
windows; high SHGC on south-facing

• Incorporate/ install overhangs & other shading
devices where appropriate

• Provide nighttime insulation


Window insulation

Dbl-wall, cellular
shades provide
insulating value


Window insulation

Guide rails/ tracks minimize
air leakage at edges


Energy Conserving
Design Strategies (a sampling)


The jumping off point…

Scale
Scale
Scale


Design Strategies: Thermal mass

Thermal mass:
• Can be used to store heat in winter

• Can help to moderate temperatures year-round

• Key element in passive solar design


Thermal mass: How to incorporate
• Masonry veneers on exterior walls

• Masonry finishes on interior walls & floors

• Fireplaces, chimneys & interior masonry features

• Thickened walls- e.g.double drywall layer

• Cob & masonry construction

• Green roofs

• Water features/ elements


Thermal mass: additional benefits
• Acoustic comfort

• Increased structural integrity in some situations


Design Strategies: Green roofs

• Properly designed, can pay for themselves in 10 –
15 years via reduced energy cost

• Especially effective in reducing cooling costs

• By some estimates, can reduce cooling costs by up
to 30% in single-story structures

• See www.greenroofs.com (industry ass‘n) &
www.conservationtechnology.com (supplier example)


Modular green roof system

See:
http://www.liveroof.net/ &
http://www.westonsolutions.com/pdf_docs/B-D066-
GreenGrid.pdf


Green roofs: additional benefits
• Can provide stormwater management

• Reduce urban heat islands

• Help to minimize global warming by conserving energy

• May extend the life of your roof

• Provide green space & wildlife habitat

• Improve acoustic comfort


Design Strategies: Passive solar


Passive solar

Free heat from the sun; ‗greenhouse effect‘ (good
kind!); good southern exposure/ solar aperture needed

Basic requirements:

• Collect it…

• Store it…

• Retain it…

• Distribute it…


5 Major elements of
Passive Solar

• Aperture/ Collector (glazing)

• Absorber

• Thermal storage (mass)

• Distribution

• Control


Requirements

• Glazing area to collect sunlight- 7% rule- So.-facing

• Thermal mass- needed to store heat if net window
area is more than 7% of total floor area

• Window insulating system (and good building
envelope insulation) to keep heat in at night

• Shading—vegetation (deciduous), or shading
structures like awnings, roof overhangs and
pergolas, to prevent overheating during warmer mos.


Requirements,cont.

• Distribution system—to remove excess heat to
other parts of house where it may be needed in
winter

• Ventilation system—to remove excess heat to
outside during warm weather


Passive Solar Rules-of-Thumb
• Orientation of aperture area should be within 30
degrees of true south
• Aperture should ideally be shade-free from 9am –
3pm
• South-facing glass should be vertical and should
have some kind of overhanging to shade from
summer sun
• Direct gain systems are most common and easiest
to integrate into most designs; glazing should not
exceed 12% of building floor area
• Thermal mass can help to moderate temperature in
summer as well as store heat in winter

Passive Solar Rules-of-Thumb
• In sunspaces, may need powered ventilation to
minimize summer overheating
• Skylights should be avoided on all but north and
northeast-facing roof surfaces, as they can otherwise
contribute to overheating in the summer, and won‘t
provide appreciable gains in the winter due to low
angle of sun
• Deciduous trees can provide good summer
shading, but should not be located too close to
house/ sunspace, as trunk/ branches may provide
too much shade in winter
• Well designed passive solar can provide 5 –25% of
space heating needs with no added cost

Angled glass may not be the best configuration,
especially without an overhang!

Skylights may contribute to summer overheating
and winter heat loss.

Design strategies: Advanced Framing

• Improves thermal envelope of building– more
places to insulate!

• Saves on framing lumber expense

• Reduces lumber disposal cost/ impact

• Saves on labor cost since fewer ―sticks‖ installed

• Savings estimates range to 20% of overall framing
expense


Advanced framing & efficiency

• Provides more room for insulation!

• Reduces bridging heat loss


Advanced Framing
• Features 2 x 6 studs on 24‖ centers

• Single top plate if trusses/ roof rafters placed
directly over wall studs

• Jack studs eliminated at window openings

• ―Right-sized‖ headers; insulated, engineered headers

• No headers in non-load bearing partitions

• Open corner framing (2-stud corners)

• Ladders at T-intersections


Frost-protected Shallow Foundations

• Improves thermal performance

• Reduce excavating expense

• Reduce material expense

• Reduce site impact


Design Strategies: Natural daylighting

• Can reduce lighting loads and cooling loads

• Improves indoor environmental quality

• Residential systems typically consist of skylights,
clerestory windows or tubular daylighting devices
(TDD‘s; ―sun tubes‖ or ―light tubes‖)


Design Strategies: Natural daylighting

• Skylights in south, southwest and west-facing roofs
can contribute to summer overheating

• Skylights in more north-facing roof surfaces can
contribute more light on cloudy days

• TDDs may contribute less to overheating


Sky tube (TDD)


Natural daylighting
• Light-colored walls reflect light deeper into structure
• Light shelves can serve the same purpose, and
accomplish this w/o excessive glare; they provide
shading as well
• Wide windowsills/ shelves can reflect light as well,
but may contribute to glare
• Combine daylighting strategies with photo-resistor
controlled lights to avoid excessive lighting during
daytime
• Landscape features can be utilized for reflecting
light into interior as well (paved surfaces, water
features, etc)

Light shelves shade window
while providing natural daylight
via light reflected from top
surface

Can help light to penetrate
deeper into structure


Suggested Room Surface
Reflectances:
Ceilings: > 80%
Walls: 50%-70%
Floors: 20%-40%
Furnishings: 25%-45%


Lighting & Daylighting Analysis

RADIANCE is a lighting and
daylighting visualization tool
developed by LBNL and is available
over the web:
http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/


Alternative building technologies
• Structural Insulating Panels (SIPs)

• Insulating concrete forms (ICFs)

• Modular construction

• Hydronic radiant floor heating systems

• PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) domestic water
supply piping

• Google these!


Green Practice:
HVAC/ Plumbing


HVAC & Plumbing Systems
• ―Right-size‖ systems using analysis tools (Manual J)
rather than rule-of-thumb methods; a right-sized
system can be up to 40% smaller than a
conventionally-sized system
• Use zoned heating
• Use demand pumps in DHW supply system
(gothotwater.com)
• Use heat recovery devices on DWV pipes
(gfxtechnology.com)
• Use instantaneous hot water heaters (tankless)
• Use structured plumbing & PEX piping

Tankless water heaters
• Examples of brands: Rinnai, Noritz, Takagi
• Gas-fired typically more responsive and can provide
needed capacity more effectively
• Cost more than standard water heaters but last longer
• More choices as to location/ placement
• Direct-venting; e.g. can exhaust through wall
• Look for min. flow rates of 0.3 – 0.5 gal./min.
• Save energy by eliminating standing heat loss (vs.
conventional tank-style water heater); estimated savings
24 – 34%

High-efficiency heating
• Choose Energy Star! Right-size systems! (did I
mention that before?!)
• Make sure heating systems have Annual Fuel
Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) of at least 83% for oil-
fired and 90% for gas-fired, and Seasonal Energy
Efficiency Rating (SEER) of at least 13 for cooling
systems
• Boilers tend to have higher AFUE than furnaces
• Closed-cycle, condensing-type boilers and furnaces
are more efficient; they extract additional heat from
warm flue gases
• These systems often don‘t need conventional flue pipe,
they can side vent, but they require a dedicated
combustion air source (coaxial flue pipe)

Ductwork
• Move duct runs into conditioned spaces (thermal
envelope) if possible

• Seal ducts; use duct mastic for this if possible,
otherwise make sure duct tape is UL listed

• Insulate ducts in unconditioned spaces; for cooling
(A/C) ductwork, make sure insulation has external
vapor barrier to minimize condensation

• When insulating ducts in unconditioned basement,
you may make basement too cold; insulate
basement walls instead


Lighting

• Use zone lighting

• Use solar landscape lights

• Use motion sensor outdoor lights

• Put timer switches on bathroom fans

• Use natural daylighting strategies


Appliances
• Buy Energy Star!

• Specify horizontal axis washing machines
They save water and energy

• Specify dishwashers w/ booster heater
(and lower water heater to 120 deg)

• Don‘t specify oversized AC equipment!


Cooling

Use ceiling fans w/ cathedral or high ceilings to
eliminate temperature stratification (both heating and
cooling season)

Locate AC/ heat pump condensers on N or NE or
NW side out of direct sun!

Shade air conditioner and heat pump condensers w/
vegetation or artificial shading (be careful w/ deciduous
vegetation) if you have to locate on sunny side


Cooling
Install awnings, overhangs and other shading
structures, such as pergolas

Use retrofit heat-reflecting window films on west-
facing windows (look for NFRC label); for new
windows, choose units w/ low solar heat gain
coefficient (SHGC)

Make sure attic space is well vented

Use whole-house fans to exhaust warm air from
house in summer; run mainly at night to flush w/ cool
air; close windows during very hot days


Cooling

Install radiant barriers on underside of roof rafters; can
help to warm in winter and cool in summer; don‘t
interrupt ventilation pathways

Use deciduous vegetation on south, SW and west
sides of structure for summer shading; use vines on
trellises too

Use coniferous (evergreen) trees/ shrubs to redirect
breezes/ wind


Cooling

Take advantage of prevailing winds for natural cooling

Maximize cross-ventilation

Use building elements to funnel winds (e.g. casement
windows)

Use light-colored shingles or roof membrane on very low
pitched or flat roofs

Use high-performance double roof or ―cool‖ roof, esp. w/
cathedral ceilings


General analysis tools

A general list of tools offered by the U.S. Department
of Energy are available over the web at:
http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory/sub
jects.cfm/pagename=subjects/pagename_menu=whole_b
uilding_analysis/pagename_submenu=load_calculation


Standards/ Ratings/ Resources
• LEED for Homes (LEED-H)- www.usgbc.org
• Energy Star Homes- www.energystar.gov
• HERS (http://www.energy.ca.gov/HERS)
• International Energy Conservation Code (IEEC)-
http://www.iccsafe.org/
• Building America-
http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/a
bout.html
• Environmental Building News/ Greenspec-
http://www.buildinggreen.com)
•http://www.austinenergy.com/Energy%20Efficiency/Progr
ams/Green%20Building/Sourcebook/index.htm

Use NEXUS as your green resource!

• Upcoming workshops

• Reference library

• Samples library

• Cyber Lounge

• Online resources at nexusboston.com (in the
pipeline)

• Local green building community


Local Resources


THANK YOU
www.greenroundtable.org
info@greenroundtable.org
617-374-3740

The Green Roundtable, Inc. (GRT) is an independent non-profit
organization whose mission is to mainstream green building and
sustainable design and become obsolete. We work toward this goal
by promoting and supporting healthy and environmentally
integrated building projects through strategic outreach, education,
policy advocacy and technical assistance.

Located in downtown Boston, NEXUS
welcomes all to come ask questions,
research topics, and attend tours and
www.nexusboston.com events on green building and
38 Chauncy Street, Boston sustainable design innovation.

Energy Conserving Design Details and Building Envelope Upgrades

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