11. QUALITY GURUS - Japanese SHIGEO SHINGO Introduced Just in time, Zero defect, Single Minute exchange of Die. TAGUCHI - LOSS FUNCTION We should have robust design ISHIKAWA – FATHER OF QUALITY CIRCLE 7 Statistical tools – check sheet, histogram, pareto chart, cause and effect, scatter diagram, control charts, graphs.
13. CORE CONCEPT OF TQM Quality for profit Right first time Acceptable Quality levels Cost of quality Failure Cost costs caused by defective parts, products, or faulty services . Internal -failures discovered during production (e.g. rework, problems, material/product losses, downtime) . External -failures discovered after delivery (e.g. warranty, returned goods, liability claims, penalties) Appraisal Cost costs of activities designed to ensure quality or uncover defects (e.g. in-line inspection, final inspection, field testing, crash test dummies, crumpled cars) Prevention cost costs of preventing defects from occurring (e.g. training, working with vendors, quality control procedures, quality improvement programs, extra attention in design and production) Hidden cost Potential lost sale, scrap not reported, cost of design or software change due to quality reason)