The document discusses the evolution of computing from mainframes to personal computers to cloud computing. It argues that cloud computing will become more accessible by making clients (browsers, smartphones) more powerful and ensuring ubiquitous connectivity. The cloud's openness, accessibility and low costs have the potential to democratize information and tools for developing large-scale applications in India.

1. Perspectives on the Cloud Computing
Prasad Ram
Eng & Site Director
Google India Pvt Ltd
January 2009
Google Confidential and Proprietary
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2. The Mainframe The Personal Computer The Internet
1 computation &
storage
0
accessibility
-1
ease of
1
deployment
0
functionality
-1
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3. The Mainframe The Personal Computer The Internet
1 computation &
storage
Make the cloud more accessible
0
accessibility
-1
Keep connectivity pervasive
ease of
1
deployment
Make the client more powerful
0
functionality
-1
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4. Open Web, Economic Incentives
Richer More More More
web apps users usage revenue
open web platform
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5. Client Connectivity Cloud
make it more powerful
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6. Browser is the Client
1995 2008
• LocalServer:
WebKit
offline access
• Database: local,
relational DB
• WorkerPool:
V8
asynchronous
Multi-pocess architecture
threads
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7. What is Google Chrome all about?
Speed Stability Security
• Google Chrome was • As we do more online, we • Google Chrome includes
designed to be fast to rely on our browser more features designed to help
protect users from
– Startup • The browser must be as phishing, and malicious
stable and fault-tolerant
– Open and render pages webpages designed to
as possible. If a single exploit the browser to
– Let users do what they page or plugin crashes, install malware
do most often
the rest of the browser
should not be affected.
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8. Open Source: Chromium
Advantages for App Developers
• Better Security: Sandbox model
• Faster Apps: V8 Engine
• Easy Portability: Webkit
Tools for App Developers
• Web Inspector
• JavaScript Console
• JavaScript debugger
• Task Manager
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9. Client Connectivity Cloud
keep it pervasive
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10. Keep Connectivity Pervasive
Mobile Phone and Internet Users (M), India
Internet Users Mobile Phone Users
300
37% and 21% annual
growth of mobile and
250
internet users
200
150
100
50
0
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
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11. Why did Google invest in Android?
• Help deliver on the promise of open mobile Internet access
− Better browser, location, etc. technology
− Leverage point for cheaper, flat rate data plans
• Drive innovation in the mobile industry
− Build a large platform and application developer communities
− Drive investment in mobile software
• Don’t get locked out!
− Major mobile platform players are pushing into the software
services space
− Platform consolidation moving to the major players
− Google can only be successful when there is true openness
and competition
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12. …and then give it away?
• Android is no way tied to Google services
− You could use it to build a Yahoo or Baidu phone*
• We’ve open sourced the entire platform
− Hosted at kernel.org, not Google servers
− Will grow the core technical team to include many other
entities
• People don’t need a partnership with Google to launch
Android-powered devices
* I leave out Microsoft because they would probably use Windows Mobile.
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13. Client Connectivity Cloud
अ
Make it accessible
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14. Cloud is More Accessible
• Empower 3rd Party Developers
– Democra6ze Informa6on and
Tools
– Ensure Interoperability with Open
APIs
– Provide Apps mone6za6on
plaBorm
Costs/user
Revenue/user
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15. Google App Engine
Running Web Apps on Google’s Infrastructure
• Fully-integrated
application
environment
• Python Runtime
• Free quota of 5M
pageviews per
month
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16. OpenSocial
Making the Web More Social
• A family of APIs
• A reference implementation
• A community of developers,
containers and apps
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17. Google Data & AJAX APIs
Read / Write Access to Google Services
YouTube Health
Notebook
AtomPub
Calendar Code Search
Blogger
<your web apps>
Contacts Picasa Docs
Spreadsheets Apps
Base
Add Content To Your Existing Applications
Maps
Videos Blogs
REST
News Books
Local Listings
<your web apps>
RSS
Images
Atom
YouTube Search
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18. Overcoming the Language Barrier
Engish Speakers Indic Speakers
7%
93%
Source: Census 2001
• Transliteration API
• AJAX Language API
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19. Maps: Powerful medium to organize information
Today: Finding an Apartment
Go to a real estate web site: How safe is the area?
• Built completely
using the Maps API
• Powerful user
Where are good schools? interaction features
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20. Open Source Cloud Computing
• Hadoop: Hadoop is an open source
Java software framework for running
data intensive distributed applications
on large clusters of commodity
computers. Inspired by GFS an http://hadoop.apache.org/core/
MapReduce
• Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus (Elastic Utility
Computing Architecture for Linking Your
Program To Useful Systems) is an open
source cloud computing infrastructure
based on Xen, implemented using
commonly available Linux tools and http://eucalyptus.cs.ucsb.edu/
web services technologies.
• 10gen: 10gen is an open source web
application Platform-as-a-Service
(PaaS) technology that helps
developers focus on building application
functionality. 10gen also has it own
application server and file system, and http://www.10gen.com/
the whole lot is available under open
source licenses.
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21. Why Does Cloud Computing Matter to India?
• Need for large number of
solutions catering to citizens
beyond the “elite”
• Eliminate the barriers to
innovate, cost of hosting; build
into an environment that
democratizes information and
tools
• Economics of developing and
deploying applications need to
be appropriate for India – cost
effective. Open-Source and
CC offer such economics to
develop large scale apps
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22. Last thoughts on a cloudy future
The web belongs to you; it belongs to us; it's our platform.
Together, we can move it forward.
The “cloud” would become more accessible through
powerful clients and pervasive connectivity
OpenStandards: Market will have lots of competitors
Engineers: Your new employees is the “cloud generation”
Security: All companies in the cloud business need to gain
users trust!
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23. Thank You!
pram@google.com
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