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HALOGENOS
Los elementos halógenos son aquellos que
ocupan el grupo 17 del Sistema Periódico.
Los halógenos son elementos volátiles,
diatómicos y cuyo color se intensifica al
aumentar el número atómico.
 F ------------------------------------> Flúor
 Cl ------------------------------------> Cloro
 Br-------------------------------------> bromo
 I -------------------------------------> Yodo
 At-------------------------------------->Ástato
 Todos los átomos poseen una configuración que
difiere de la de gas noble en un electrón, de forma
que los elementos tienden a formar especies
negativas, X¯, o a formar enlaces covalentes
simples. La química de estos elementos y sus
compuestos cambian con el tamaño de los mismos.
 los puntos de fusión y ebullición aumentan al
descender en el grupo.
 Las energías de ionización de los halógenos
presentan valores muy altos que van disminuyendo
al aumentar el número atómico.
 Las afinidades electrónicas son elevadas como
consecuencia de la tendencia a ganar un electrón y
conseguir así la configuración de gas noble.
ABUNDANCIA NATURAL
 Debido a su reactividad, ninguno de los halógenos
se encuentra en estado libre en la naturaleza.
Generalmente, se encuentran en forma de haluros
(X¯)
 el fluoruro el más abundante en la corteza terrestre.
 cantidad enorme de cloruro y bromuro en las aguas
de los océanos.
Halogenos

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Halogenos

  • 2. Los elementos halógenos son aquellos que ocupan el grupo 17 del Sistema Periódico. Los halógenos son elementos volátiles, diatómicos y cuyo color se intensifica al aumentar el número atómico.
  • 3.  F ------------------------------------> Flúor  Cl ------------------------------------> Cloro  Br-------------------------------------> bromo  I -------------------------------------> Yodo  At-------------------------------------->Ástato
  • 4.  Todos los átomos poseen una configuración que difiere de la de gas noble en un electrón, de forma que los elementos tienden a formar especies negativas, X¯, o a formar enlaces covalentes simples. La química de estos elementos y sus compuestos cambian con el tamaño de los mismos.
  • 5.  los puntos de fusión y ebullición aumentan al descender en el grupo.  Las energías de ionización de los halógenos presentan valores muy altos que van disminuyendo al aumentar el número atómico.  Las afinidades electrónicas son elevadas como consecuencia de la tendencia a ganar un electrón y conseguir así la configuración de gas noble.
  • 6. ABUNDANCIA NATURAL  Debido a su reactividad, ninguno de los halógenos se encuentra en estado libre en la naturaleza. Generalmente, se encuentran en forma de haluros (X¯)  el fluoruro el más abundante en la corteza terrestre.  cantidad enorme de cloruro y bromuro en las aguas de los océanos.