Classification of Organisms from Five Kingdoms to Species
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Classification of Organisms from Five Kingdoms to Species
- 1. Diversity of Organisms and Classification
- 2. Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species
- 3. Species The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring
- 5. Bacteria Kingdom Unicellular, microscopic No nucleus – Prokaryotic No chlorophyll – Saprophytic or parasitic
- 6. Protist kingdom Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present – Eukaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic
- 7. Fungus kingdom Eukaryotic Made up of hyphae No root, stem and leaf No chlorophyll – Saprophytic or parasitic Reproduce by forming spores
- 8. Animal Kingdom Eukaryotic Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: – Invertebrates : without backbone – Vertebrates : with backbone
- 9. Invertebrate Coelenterates •2 layers of cells •Have tentacles with sting cells •One opening
- 10. Flatworm •Long and flattened body •Free living or parasitic
- 11. Ringed worms •Long and segmented body •Have chaetae for locomotion
- 12. Roundwoms Long, cylindrical and segmented body Most of them are parasites
- 13. •Molluscs •Soft and unsegmented body •Covered by a hard shell
- 14. Echinoderms •Marine animals with 5-radial plan body •Have external spines
- 15. Arthropods • Segmented body • Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs of jointed legs • Divided into 4 classes 1. Crustaceans 2. Arachnids 3. Myriapods 4. Insects
- 16. Crustaceans
- 17. Arachnids
- 18. Myriapods
- 19. Insects
- 20. Vertebrates Divided into 5 groups: – Fish – Amphibians – Reptiles – Birds – Mammals
- 21. Fish Aquatic Cold-blooded Body covered with wet and slimy scales Streamline body for easy movement through water Fins for balance and to control movement Gills for breathing External fertilization
- 22. Amphibians Cold-blooded Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present – tetrapods Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs External fertilization
- 23. Reptiles Cold-blooded Body covered with dry, hard scales Live on land Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs
- 24. Birds Warm-blooded With feathers and wings Beak for feeding Lungs for breathing Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs
- 25. Mammals Warm-blooded Hairs on skin Females have mammary glands for producing milk Lungs for breathing Diaphragm present Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies
- 26. Plant Kingdom Eukaryotic Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis – Autotrophic Can be divided into two groups: – Non-flowering plants – Flowering plants
- 27. Non-flowering plants 4 groups: – Algae – Mosses – Ferns – Gymnosperms
- 28. Algae Aquatic May be unicellular or multicellular No root, stem or leaf Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
- 29. Mosses With simple leaves and stems No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water Reproduce by spores No vascular tissues Found in damp area
- 30. Ferns With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues Reproduce by spores Live in damp places
- 31. Gymnosperms Reproduction by producing seeds – Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits ⇒ naked seeds Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss
- 32. Angiosperms (Flowering plants) With flowers for reproduction Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)
- 33. Two groups of flowering plants MonocotyledonsDicotyledons Cotyledons Two One Leaf venation Netted Parallel Root system Tap root system Fibrous root system