2.  A political party is an organized group of citizens
who profess to share the same political views and who
by acting as a political unit, try to control the
government.
 Political parties agree on some policies and progamme
for the society with a view to promote the collective
good .Since there can be different views on what is
good for all ,parties try to persuade people why their
policies are better than others .They seek to implement
these policies by winning popular support through
elections.

3. WHY DO WE NEED POLITICAL PARTIES:
 Political parties are useful for the electoral
process. The two parties serve as a pretty good
way of getting like-minded people together. If
they were not there, it would be much harder to
identify good candidates, get them to run for
office, support them, etc.

4.  Political parties serve as an opposing factor to the interest
groups. If it were not for parties, the interest groups would
be unopposed. The parties try to pull people together in
broad coalitions. The interest groups try to pull them apart
on single issues.
 They are needed for organizing things in Congress,
especially. If there were no political parties, how would
Congress be organized? Who would appoint the
committees? Who would try to set an agenda? It would be
chaos.

5. FUCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES:
Basically, political parties fill political offices and exercise
political power. Parties do so by performing a series of
functions:
 Parties contest elections. In most democracies, elections
are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political
parties.
 Parties put forward different policies and programmes and
the voters choose from them.
 Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
 Parties form and run governments.
 Parties provide people access to government machinery
and welfare schemes implemented by governments.

6. TYPES OF POLITICAL PARTIES
 NATIONAL PARTIES:A party that secures at least six
percent of total votes in LokSabha elections or Assembly
elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the
Lok Sabha is recognized as a national party.
Example:Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata
Party.
 regional parties:A party that secures at least 6 per
cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative
Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is
recognized as a State party.
Example:Asom gana parishad,Rashtriya lok dal.

7. Symbols of political parties
Indian National Congress:
Bharatiya Janata Party:
Bahujan Samaj Party:
Communist Party of India
Marxist:
Communist Party of India :
Nationalist Congress Party:

8. CHALLENGES OF POLITICAL PARTIES
 To fulfill the needs of people.
 To maintain their position as national party.
 To run government democratically.
 To decrease corruption.
 Another challenge is of internal democracy within parties.
 Dynastic succession is another challenge to political parties
because the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage to
favour people close to them or even their family members. In
many parties, the top positions are always controlled by
members of one family.

9. ROLE OF PRESSURE GROUPS AND
MOVEMENTS
 Pressure groups are voluntary association formed with
the purpose of promoting interest of a particular group
or group of society. Unlike the political parties they do
not contest elections .They are called pressure because
they attempts to get their demands accepted through
pressure .They adopt various techniques for pressure
rising the government ,these may be democratic or
some time agitation. There are various pressure groups
for example Anna Hazare’s pressure group.

10. AnnA HAzAre’s pressure group
In 2011, Hazare initiated a Satyagraha movement for
passing a stronger anti-corruption Lokpal bill in the
Indian Parliament as conceived in the Jan Lokpal
Bill (People's Ombudsman Bill). The Jan Lokpal Bill was
drafted earlier by N.Santosh Hegde, former justice of
the Supreme Court of
India and Lokayukta of Karnataka, Prashant Bhushan, a
senior lawyer in the Supreme Court and Arvind Kejriwal,
a social activist along with members of the India Against
Corruption movement. This draft bill incorporated more
stringent provisions and wider power to
the Lokpal (Ombudsman) than the draft Lokpal bill
prepared by the government in 2010. These include
placing "the Prime Minister within the ambit of the
proposed lokpal’s powers"

12. THANK YOU
Made by:-
Mridu Paban Mahanta.
Roll no-15
Class: 10 - C