seminar on smart antenna with automatic beam switching for mobile communication for electrical and electronics engineering students

1. A SEMINAR ON
SMART ANTENNA WITH AUTOMATIC BEAM SWITCHING
FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
Presented by
Yahya Amin

2. CONTENTS
• WHY SMART ANTENNAS
• SMART ANTENNA
• EVOLUTION OF ANTENNA
• WORKING OF SMART ANTENNA
• SWITCHED BEAM ANTENNA
• ADVANTAGES OF SMART ANTENNA
• DRAWBACKS
• CONCLUSION
• REFRENCES

3. WHY SMART ANTENNAS
• By 2030, devices connected to internet will grow from over
7 billion to over 125 billion
• While more people are joining internet each year still half
of the worlds population is disconnected
• The rapid growth in demand for mobile communications
services has encouraged to improve spectrum efficiency,
and increase link quality
• With intelligent control of signal transmission and
reception, capacity and coverage of the mobile wireless
network, communications applications can be significantly
improved
• Solution: Smart Antenna

4. SMART ANTENNA
• Smart antennas are antenna arrays or group of antenna with
smart processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal
signature such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal
• By using this antenna we can emit the beam of the spectrum to
the particular user only and it allows us to separate the users
• Smart antennas radiates in desired direction only. So it will have
minimum effect of interface
• Customize an appropriate radiation pattern for each individual
user

5. EVOLUTION OFANTENNA
• In the early days of wireless mobile communications omnidirectional
antennas were used
• Omnidirectional antenna radiates equally in all the directions
• In Omnidirectional antenna, only small portion of radiations reach the
desired user
• Single omnidirectional antenna is replaced by several directional
antennas
• Typically a cell is sectorized into 3 sectors of 120 degree each
Co- channel interference decreases
• Smart antennas radiates in only desired direction
Capacity improved
Fig: Omnidirectional antenna
Fig: Directional antenna

6. WORKING OF SMART ANTENNA
• In smart antenna, antenna elements are connected to
phase shifter which are controlled by Digital Signal
Processor (DSP)
• DSP measures the time delays from each antenna
element, computes the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) of the
Signal Of Interest (SOI)
• So smart antenna will radiate in desired direction only
while turning out any interferences or signals not of
interest (SNOI)
• This smart antenna is also known as Adaptive array
antenna

7. SWITCHED BEAM ANTENNA
• In switched beam, there are finite number of fixed, predefined
patterns or combining strategies (sectors)
• This system detects signal strength chooses from one of
several predetermined fixed beams
• It switches from one beam to another as the cellular phone
moves throughout the sector
• The switched beam system, which is based on a basic
switching function can select the beam that gives the strongest
received signal

8. COMPARISON OF SWITCHED BEAM AND
ADAPTIVE ARRAYANTENNAS
• In switched beam, there are finite number of fixed, predefined
sectors while Adaptive Array allows the antenna to steer the
beam to any direction
• In low level interference environment, both systems provide
significant gain over conventional system
• In high level interference environment switched beam is less
effective than adaptive array
• Switched beam system may not be able to place desired signal
at the maximum of main lobe while in adaptive system
customize an appropriate radiation pattern for each user
• Interference rejection capability is low in case of Switched
beam as compared to Adaptive array
Fig: Switched Beam Antenna
Fig: Adaptive array antenna

9. ADVANTAGES OF SMART ANTENNA
• Can provide greater coverage area for each base station
• Range of base station is increased
• Significant improvement in signal to interference ratio (SIR)
• Smart antenna offers more secure connections
• Because of special detection nature of smart antenna systems, it can
be used to locate humans in emergencies

10. DRAWBACKS
• More complicated smart antenna transceiver than a traditional base station transceiver
• Require separate transceiver chains for each of the array antenna elements and accurate
real-time calibration of each of them
• Very powerful digital signal processors are required
• Needs an antenna array with several elements
• More expensive than conventional base stations but since the benefits outweigh the
costs, it will be less expensive in the long run

11. CONCLUSION
• Smart antennas are the intelligent antenna systems that vastly improve the efficiency of wireless
transmission
• Smart antenna systems can achieve:
High transmission data rate
Increased coverage area
Effectively reducing multipath and co-channel interference
They are software controllable, remotely configurable
Promising technology to resolve the traffic capacity
Hence smart antenna system is indeed a modern age marvel

12. REFERENCES
• C.A Balanis, “ Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design”
• A beam-steering reconfigurable antenna for WLAN applications by Li Z,
Ahmed E, Eltawil AM, Cetiner BA
• A beam scanning frequency modulated continuous wave radar by Chan K-L,
Judah SR
• youtube.com/bitescized
• researchgate.net/publication/306000036

13. Thank You