2. Toffler’s First Wave - The Agriculture Revolution 1900-1910
8000 B.C. - A.D. 1750
1910-1920
1920-1930
1930-1940
Toffler’s Second Wave - The Industrial Civilization
A.D. 1750 - A.D. 1955 1940-1950
1950-1960
1960-1970
Toffler’s Third Wave - The Information Age
A.D. 1955 - A.D. 2040 1970-1980
1980-1990
1990-2000
The Fourth Wave - The Biotechnology Era
A.D. 2040 - Unknown 2000-2010
3. 1900-1910
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
The Wright Brothers achieved the first successful The Ford Motor Company was incorporated with Mary Mcleod Bethune starts the Daytona Normal
airplane flights. Henry Ford as vice-president and chief engineer. and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls.
Link: education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1787/
Link: nps.gov/wrbr/index.htm Link: hfmgv.org/exhibits/hf/default.asp#fmc Bethune-Mary-Mcleod-1875-1955.html
Guglielmo Marconi transmitted the first trans- When opened in 1906, Sears' mail-order plant, with The Francis W. Parker Progressive School opens.
Atlantic radio message from Massachusetts to more than 3 million square feet of floor space, was The school promoted the notion that learning
England. the largest business building in the world. could be fun and should be child-centered.
Link: legacy.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/
Link: massmoments.or/moment.cfm?mid=22 Link: searsarchives.com/history/history1900s.htm moments/1901parker.html
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
Irving Berlin publishes first song, “Marie from National Tuberculosis Association (now American
Sunny Italy”. Lung Association) is founded.
Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
Link: songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C3?exhibitld=3 timeline.html#1900
The Summer Olympic Games of the II Olympiad are
Karl Landsteiner discovered blood is divided into
held in Paris, France. This is the first Olympics
different groups, thus making blood transfusions
where women are allowed to compete.
possible.
Link: localhistories.org/20thcent.html
Link: thepeoplehistory.com/1900to1909.html
4. 1910-1920
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
AT&T installs the first dial telephones in the Bell Ford Motor Company creates first moving assembly The Progressive Education Association is founded.
System, in Norfolk, VA. line ever used for large-scale manufacturing.
Link: jstor.org/pss/997312
Link: corp.att.com/history/milestones.html Link: pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dt13as.html
The National Education Association publishes the
Edward Kleinschmidt invents the teletype, which The 16th amendment, ratified in 1913, allows the “Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education,”
replaces Morse code clickers in delivering news to Federal government to tax the income of individuals which endorses different curricula for different
newspapers. without regard to the population of each State. students.
Link:pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/roots_in_history/
Link:historyofscience.com/G2l/timeline/index.php?id=681 Link: pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dt13as.html testing_master3.html
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
United States declares war on Germany. Polio epidemics break out in New York and Boston.
Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
Link: spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWchronology.htm timeline.html#1900
The Titanic sinks on her maiden voyage from Paul Erhlich tests salversan, first treatment effective
Southampton to New York. against syphilis; regarded as birth of modern
chemotherapy.
Link: thepeoplehistory.com/1910to1919.html Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
timeline.html#1900
5. 1920-1930
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
The first radio news program is broadcast by station The stock market crashed, triggering the Great
8MK in Detroit, Michigan. The “Monkey Trial” dominated headlines as John
Depression.
Link: historyofscience.com/G21/timeline/index.php? Scopes is indicted by a grand jury for violating
Link: wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?
era=1920 Tennessee's anti-evolution law.
action=view&term_id=936&term_type_id=3&term_type_t
Philo T. Farnsworth succeeds in transmitting an Link: npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyld=4723956
ext=things&letter=B
image through purely electronic means of a device
Lewis Terman establishes various group
called an “image dissector.” This was the first all- The year 1920 was a historical tipping-point. In that
intelligence tests in schools so that students could
electronic television. year, for the first time in our nation's history, more
be classified into homogenous ability groups.
Link: historyofscience.com/G21/timeline/index.php? people were living in cities than on farms.
Link: education.com/reference/article/terman-
era=1920 Link:ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html
lewis-1877-1956
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
Prohibition began as the 18th Amendment to the Insulin is isolated and is first used to treat a person
U.S. Constitution took affect. with diabetes.
Link: baltimoresun.com/news/nation-world/sns-ap- Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
history-2011jan16,0,1391462.story timeline.html#1900
Henry Ford started mass production of the car. He Elmer V. McCollum and associates identify Vitamin
had manufactured and sold some 15 million Model D.
Ts by 1927. Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
Link: thepeoplehistory.com/1920s.html timeline.html#1900
6. 1930-1940
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
The National Labor Relations Act became the single Dick and Jane books are published and
Edwin H. Armstrong develops wide-band frequency
most important piece of labor legislation in the 20th subsequently taught many children how to read.
modulation, FM radio, which delivers clearer
century. Link: mediahistory.umn.edu/archive/dickandjane.html
sound, free of static.
Link: britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/633977/Wagner-
Link:historyofscience/G2l/timeline/index.php?era=1930 The Association for the Advancement of
Act
Progressive Education conducts a famous Eight
Lazlo Biro creates the first commercially The decade of the 1930s found America facing the Year Study in which students in an experimental
successful ballpoint pen. worst economic crisis in its modern history. program are compared with peers in traditional
Link:historyofscience/G2l/timeline/index.php?era=1930 Link:ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html programs.
Link: pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/roots_in_history/
testing_master3.html
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
Parker Brothers introduced the game of Monopoly The first true blood bank was organized at
and 20 thousand sets were sold in one week. Chicago’s Cook County Hospital.
Link: kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade30.html Link: americasblood.org/go.cfm?do=Page.View&pid=30
Paul Hermann Muller discovers DDT and later
Shantytowns form consisting of wood and
receives the Nobel Prize in Biology and Medicine for
cardboard in the United States. They are often
this discovery, which is thought to have saved the
referred to in history as Hoovertowns after President
lives of over 21.000,000 people worldwide.
Hoover
Link: historyofscience.com/G2l/timeline/index.php?
Link: thepeoplehistory.com/1930s.html
category=Medicine
7. 1940-1950
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
The first general-purpose electronic computer, the
The US government introduces Rosie the Riveter in The Mendez vs. Westminster and the California
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
a campaign meant to convince women to work Board of Education case ends segregation in
(ENIAC), was announced.
during World War II. California schools.
Link: seas.upenn.edu/about-seas/eniac/
Link: nps.gov/pwro/collection/website/rosie.htm Link: idra.org/mendezbrown/mendez_case.html
IBM produces the Pluggable Sequence Relay
Calculator for the US Army. This special-purpose The Fair Labor Standards Act provided for the Ralph W. Tyler publishes Basic Principles of
punched-card calculator performed a sequence of maximum work week of 40 hours and minimum Curriculum and Instruction.
up to fifty arithmetic steps wage of 40 cents an hour by 1945. Link:legacy.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/
Link: historyofscience.com/G2l/timeline/index.php?era Link: u-s-history.com/pages/h1678.html 1949tyler.html
+1940
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
Penicillin is produced and used to cure life
Peter Goldmark, working for CBS, demonstrated his
threatening infections.
color television system to the FCC.
Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
Link: fcc.gov/omd/history/tv/1930-1959.html
timeline.html#1900
Selman Waksman discovers Streptomycin, the first
Following the end of World War II Jackie Robinson
specific agent effective in the treatment of human
signed a contract to play first base for the Brooklyn
tuberculosis.
Dodgers, breaking the color barrier in baseball.
Link: waksmanfoundation.org/html/
Link: thepeoplehistory.com/1940s.html
foundation_history.html
8. 1950-1960
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
Ray Kroc opens his first McDonalds outside The plaintiffs in Brown v. Board of Education were
The Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I.
Chicago. able to show that segregated schools were
Link: thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/ray- inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional.
Link: history.nasa.gov/sputnik/
kroc.html Link: www.apa.org/research/action/segregation.aspx
Eckert and Mauchly design the world’s first
The American Federation of Labor and the Congress John Goodlad proposes non-graded schools
commercially available computer, UNIVAC 1.
of Industrial Organizations merge making the new provoking waves of debate through out education
AFL-CIO an organization with 15 million members. circles as Goodlad’s critiques challenged the very
Link: computermuseum.li/Testpage/UNIVAC-1-
Link: kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade50.html foundation of the education system.
FullView-A.htm
Link: www.apa.org/research/action/segregation.aspx
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
Disneyland opens to the public. Dr. Jonas Salk becomes famous overnight for
discovering a polio vaccine.
Link: www.yesterland.com/dl1955.html Link: www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/sal0bio-1
The Diners Club issues the first “general purpose”
Major study documents fluoride's role in
credit card, invented by Diners Club found Frank X.
preventing dental cavities.
McNamara.
Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
Link: historyofscience.com/G2l/timeline/index.php?
timeline.html#1900
era=1950
9. 1960-1970
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
Two mathematicians at Dartmouth College develop Jerome Bruner, one of the architects of Head Start,
General Motors, Standard Old of New Jersey and
BASIC (Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic publishes The Process of Education.
Ford had larger incomes than all the farms in the
Instruction Code) as a teaching tool. Link: legacy.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/
United States.
Link: library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312479 1961bruner.html
Link: elcoushistory.tripod.com/economics1960.html
The Computer Curriculum Corporation (CCC) is The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was
By the end of the decade the average Americans real passed in 1965. ESEA emphasizes equal access to
formed.
income had increased 50 percent. education and establishes high standards and
Link: www.allbusiness.com/government/government- accountability.
Link: elcoushistory.tripod.com/economics1960.html Link: k12.wa.us/esea/
bodies-offices-heads/6962880-1.html
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. leads the March on U.S. Congress passes legislation creating Medicare
Washington and delivers his “I Have A Dream” and Medicaid.
speech. Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
Link: www.thekingcenter.org/DrMLKingJr/ timeline.html#1900
Chronology.aspx
Surgeon Rene Favaloro performs first coronary
Neil Alden Armstrong and Edwin Eugene ‘Buzz’ bypass operation using patient’s vein in Cleveland,
Aldrin, Jr. became the first humans to land on the Ohio.
moon. Link: library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/mma/
Link: thepeoplehistory.com/1960s.html timeline.html#1900
10. 1970-1980
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
Ted Hoff designed the microprocessor chip for
Intel. Jimmy Carter creates United States Department of
Apple computer is founded by Steven Wozniak,
Link:pbs.org/transistor/background1/events/ Education.
Steven Jobs and Ron Wayne.
mircropinv.html Link: whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jimmycarter
Link: theapplemuseum.com/index.php?id=55
The Altair 8800 micro-computer is introduced. It is Isabelle Liberman et al. publish ‘Explicit syllable
OPEC oil embargo imposed. The rising oil prices
considered by many to be the first mass produced and phoneme segmentation in the young child’, an
continued to be a threat to not only America’s
personal computer. influential work in the field of reading acquisition.
economy, but also that of the world.
Link: oldcomputers.net/altair.html Link: legacy.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/
Link: recession.org/history/1970s-oil-crisis
moments/1974liberman.html
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
Louise Brown, the first test-tube baby, was form on
First Earth Day celebrated as environmental
July 25, 1978.
movement is launched.
Link:enotes.com/history-fact-finder/medicine-disease/
Link:kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade70.html
when-was-first-test-tube-baby-born
Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision legalizes
Computed axial tomography, commonly known as
abortion.
CAT scanning, was introduced in 1972.
Link: kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade70.html
Link: osti.gov/accomplishments/cat.html
11. 1980-1990
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
Boyd and Myers publish Transformative Education thus
IBM launches the Personal Computer (IBM 5150) challenging Jack Mezirow’s transformative learning
setting the industry standard for personal In 1980, a corporate CEO earned 30 times more than theory by highlighting emotional and spiritual
computing. the average factory worker. dimensions of learning.
Link:www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_1.html Link:truth-it.net/average_american_family_incomes.html Link:wordiq.com/definition/Transformative_learning
PBS launches PBS Adult Learning Service (ALS), On October 19, 1987, a date that subsequently The University of Chicago School Mathematics Project
the first nationally-coordinated distance learning became known as “Black Monday,” the Dow Jones founded the Everyday Math program which emphasizes
service for adults. Industrial Average plummeted 508 points, losing reading, problem-solving, everyday applications, and the
Link: pbs.org/aboutpbs/news/20011128_goldstein.html 22.6% of its total value. use of calculators, computers, and other technologies.
Link: hnn.us/articles/895.html Link: ucsmp.uchicago.edu
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
The collapse of the Berlin wall and the break up of A global commission certified that smallpox had
what was the USSR marked the collapse of the been eradicated, and this certification was officially
traditional communism and the end of the cold war. accepted by the 33rd World Health Assembly.
Link:thepeoplehistory.com/1980s.html Link: pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm79sp.html
The 1980 Moscow Games saw the largest boycott in Scientists identify HIV as the cause of AIDS.
Olympic history. More than 60 nations refused to Link: avert.org/aids-timeline.htm
compete in an American-led protest against the
Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan.
Link: cbc.ca/sports/indepth/feature-boycotts-
countries.html
12. 1990-2000
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
Birth of the world wide web. Google files for incorporation in California on The Carl D. Perkins Vocational-Technical Education
September 4. Act sets out a new vision of vocational and
Link: zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ technical education for the 21st century.
Link: www.google.com/corporate/history.html Link: www2.ed.gov/offices/OVAE/CTE/legis.html
President Bill Clinton announced a new program
known as the Technology Literacy Challenge Fund Jeff Bezos opens Amazon.com on the Internet, President Clinton signs the Reading Excellence Act,
to serve as the catalyst to insure that all students offering one million titles. amending Title II of the Elementary and Secondary
are prepared to live and work in a growing Education Act of 1965 by adding a reading
technological society . component to, among other things, teacher every
Link: referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/A-F/
Link: zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ child to read by the end of the third grade.
Timeline-of-American_Business.html
Link: www2.ed.gov/offices/OVAE/CTE/legis.html
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
More immigrants came to live in the United States The Human Genome Project was launched.
than in any decade in the nation’s history.
Link: zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ link:pbs.org/transistor/background1/events/
mircropinv.html
Automatic External Defibrillator use by lay
Michael Jordan and Chicago Bulls won six NBA personnel was approved by the FDA.
titles.
Link: thepeoplehistory.com/1990s.html link:emedicine.medscape.com/article/780533-
overview
13. 2000-2010
TECHNOLOGY WORK EDUCATION
Apple launches iTunesU, a service that offers Numerous studies confirm the existence of a
college-level lectures via podcasts. substantial shortage of workers with the required The controversial No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
Link: historyofscience.com/G2l/timeline/index.php? level of skills to fill vacant positions. is approved by Congress and signed into law.
era=2000 Link: icpd.org/employment/Empltrends21century.htm Link: www2.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml
At the Frankfurt Book Fair Google announces the Jobs previously done locally such as design,
Google Print project to scan and make searchable research and engineering, publishing, customer The Common Core Standards are created. These
on the Internet the texts of more than ten million service, technical support and some types of standards define the knowledge and skills
books. marketing are outsourced to foreign countries such students should have within their K-12 education
Link: historyofscience.com/G2l/timeline/index.php? as India where qualified manpower was in surplus. careers.
era=2000 Link: icpd.org/employment/Empltrends21century.htm Link: corestandards.org
SOCIETY AND
MEDICINE
CULTURE
Facebook is created.
Link: historyofscience.com/G2l/timeline/index.php? Functional MRI includes maps of human brain
era=2000 function.
Link: fmri.ogr/fmri.htm
The Christian Science Monitor becomes the first
newspaper with a national audience to shift from a In June 2000 came the announcement that the
daily print format to an online publication that is majority of the human genome had in fact been
updated continuously each day. sequenced.
Link: historyofscience.com/G2l/timeline/index.php? Link: genome.org/12011239
era=2000
