The Internet is growing beyond imaginations and borders, but IPv4 limits today's Internet growth. The "old" Internet Protocol originally was built to experimentally support a few dozen sites with a few hundred computers

1. IPv6
Next Generation Internet
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

2. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.”
-Thomas J. Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
“640K ought to be enough for anybody.”
-Bill Gates, Microsoft, 1981
“32 bits should be enough address space for Internet.”
-Vint Cerf, Internet Pioneer, 1977
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

3. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
“As a result of our trip, on which we expected to get orders
for five machines, we came home with orders for 18.”
-Thomas Watson Jr., chairman of IBM, 1953
“I've said some stupid things and some wrong things,
but not that.”
-Bill Gates, Microsoft, 1995
“Who the hell knew how much address space we needed?
I thought it was an experiment and I thought 4.3 billion
[addresses] would be enough to do an experiment.”
-Vint Cerf, Internet Pioneer, 2011
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4. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 The Internet is growing beyond imaginations and borders,
but IPv4 limits today's Internet growth.
 Every computer on the Internet needs a unique IP address.
 32 bits of address space permit 2 = 4.3 billion IPv4 addresses
32
 built to experimentally support a few dozen sites with a few hundred computers
 Fixed size is good for network equipment, but limits growth.
 The last 30 years of Internet Software and Protocols rely on IPv4.
 This issue requires a plan.
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

5. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 IANA delegates IPv4 address space to regional registries.
 IANA spent their last IPv4 addresses in February 2011
 Regional registries assign IPv4 address space to ISPs.
 Common Policy: 80% of ISP's current IPv4 has to be used.
 Asia-Pacific's APNIC ran out of IPv4 in April 2011
 Europe will be next in early 2012
 ISPs do give IPv4 addresses to their customers.
 Around 70% of assigned IPv4 is actually used on the Internet.
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

6. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 Internet growth needs options
 Large Scale NAT, Carrier Grade NAT
 expensive
 limited scalability
 “works” for Internet Client Access only, not for servers.
 Internet services do degrade
 IPv6
 works for Internet Client Access and servers
 tons of IP addresses, some new features, tons of possibilities
 requires software changes
 Is not backwards compatible with IPv4
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

7. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 What won't work
 IPv4 ranges from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.
Use numbers larger than 255, e.g. 1234.567.891.5423
 Enable IPv6 and IPv4 to talk to each other.
 What probably won't work
 Large Scale NAT/Carrier Grade NAT
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

8. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 IPv6 does have limits, too
 ISPs initially receive the equivalent of 4.3 billion IPv6 /64-networks;
this equals 16.7 million IPv6 /56-networks.
 Every /64 networks permits 4.3 billion by 4.3 billion (=2 64
) IPv6 addresses.
A /56-network does contain 256 networks of size /64.
 Once 15% of IPv6 have been spent, IANA will reconsider assignment policies.
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

9. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 IPv6 in 2 Minutes
 Every user's network receives a minimum adress range (prefix)
of 264 (=18.446.744.073.709.551.616) IPv6 addresses.
 IPv6 automatically chooses a single address from that range of addresses, e.g.
2001:8d8:1fe:1:21e:4fff:fef9:f540
 To prevent privacy issues for client access, one may also configure and use
random addresses from the given range, the ISP may change the prefix.
Changing IPv6 addresses this way does work automatically and is completely
transparent to the user.
 IPv6 privacy extensions are per Default enabled on any Microsoft Windows Desktop
 Hiding or not permitting the user to use IPv6 privacy extensions is not an “IPv6 issue”
but an issue with the internet device (iPhone, Android, Mac OS X).
 Servers still do require “static” IPv6 addresses.
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

10. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 IPv4 and IPv6 can't talk to each other.
 Users and servers need to use IPv4 and IPv6 in parallel,
so they can access “old” and “new” internet without restrictions
 Applications need to be changed to use IPv6
 Applications (usually) do prefer IPv6 than IPv4
 Some Internet Access Service Providers see IPv4-NAT as a
“compatibility bridge” for accessing the IPv4-Internet.
 The Internet grows about 5-15% per year.
 At 10% growth using IPv6-only, an IPv4-only service
will be accessible from only 91% of the “whole” internet.
 IPv6-access is also important when IPv4-NAT exposes degraded quality.
 So IPv6 is also required for availability
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

11. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 IPv6 at 1&1
 1999: Lab experiments
 2002: network management via IPv6
 2003: (tunneled) IPv6 for dedicated servers
 2005: IPv6 in office networks
 2007: implementing IPv6 in our software
 2009: first public services using native IPv6
 2010: preparing our products for IPv6
 End of 2011: first products using IPv6
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011

12. IPv6
NEXT GENERATION INTERNET
 Open issues with IPv6 deployment
 Application Software
 Personal Firewalls, “real” Firewalls
 Intrusion Detection Systems
 consumer-grade DSL routers/CPEs
 actually using IPv6
 software developers
 Home and Enterprise users
 transit providers
 content providers
® 1&1 Internet AG 2011