9. Modern Cell Theory 3. All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc) 4. Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)

11. MICROSCOPE

12. The light microscope enables us to see the overall shape and structure of a cell

15. DIVERSITY OF CELLS

16. Two Fundamentally Different Types of Cells

17. The PRESENCE OR ABSENCE of a NUCLEUS is important for Classifying Cells.

18. Prokaryotes – Domain Bacteria -> Single cell organisms -> No nucleus, no compartments -> Peptidoglycan cell walls -> Binary fission -> For energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis

20. Eukaryotes

22. Different Cell Parts In cells, various specialized functions occur in specific places. These places are called organelles (small organs)

23. Plasma Membrane FLUID MOSAIC MODEL

28. Transport Across Membranes

29. Transport Across Membranes: PASSIVE DIFFUSION The movement of molecules or ions from a region where they are at a high concentration to a region of lower concentration

43. Mitochondria * site of cellular respiration * POWERHOUSE OF A CELL Where energy is released from nutrients * there are MANY in a single cell * has two layers, makes up a double membrane

45. certain organelles originated as free-living bacteria that were taken inside another cell as endosymbionts . Mitochondria developed from proteobacteria Can replicate itself: BINARY FISSION ENDOSYMBIOSIS

50. Chloroplasts chloroplasts in plant cell cross section of leaf leaves chloroplast absorb sunlight & CO 2 make energy & sugar chloroplasts contain chlorophyll CO 2

53. Nucleus * surrounded by a nuclear membrane * only found in EUKARYOTES * contains genetic material (DNA) in the form of chromosomes that controls the activities of the cell * serves as the information and administrative center of the cell

57. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - a series of interconnecting channels associated with storage, synthesis, and transport of substances within the cell two types: A) rough --the 'ER' studded with ribosomes B) smooth --the 'ER' without any ribosomes

58. Rough endoplasmic reticulum production and processing of specific proteins at ribosomal sites.

61. Ribosomes Protein Synthesis "translates" the genetic information from ` RNA into proteins

65. Vacuole " a "space" in a cell that contains water or other materials; usually for storage A) food vacuoles--store food B) contractile vacuoles-- squeeze out excess water

68. Lysosome “ Suicidal bags of the cell” a vacuole that contains digestive enzymes; helps in the process of nutrition by breaking down nutrients in the cell